Protective helicobacter antigens

ABSTRACT

Protective Helicobacter antigens, especially H. pylori antigens, and the use of these antigens for the treatment of or prevention of, gastroduodenal disease associated with H. pylori infection.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to protective Helicobacter antigens, especially H. pylori antigens, and in particular to the use of these antigens for the treatment of, or prevention of, gastroduodenal disease associated with H. pylori infection.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002]Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative, spiral bacterium which infects the lining of the human stomach. It is widely distributed, chronically infecting perhaps half the world's population. The bacterium spreads from person to person by oral-oral or faecal-oral transmission, there being no recognised environmental reservoir.

[0003] Infection with the bacterium causes an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, or stomach lining. Usually this does not resolve, and infection and inflammation are believed to persist for many decades. Often this is not associated with symptoms, however this chronic infection is associated with an increased risk of a number of sequelae. A significant portion of those infected develop peptic ulceration of the duodenum or stomach, when the infection process disrupts the usual protective mechanisms the stomach has against its own digestive products. Also, long periods of infection increase the risk of the development of adenocarcinomas or lymphomas of the stomach wall.

[0004] Therefore, prevention or treatment of H. pylori infection has the potential to prevent considerable mortality and morbidity resulting from the sequelae of chronic infection.

[0005] In early experiments, H. pylori did not infect conventional laboratory animals. However, a laboratory mouse model of H. pylori infection, using the closely related organism, Helicobacter felis, has been developed (Lee et al., 1990; Dick-Hegedus and Lee, 1991). This model has proven very useful in screening new antimicrobial therapeutic regimes.

[0006]H. felis is a spiral shaped bacterium that shares a very close DNA homology with H. pylori. The bacterium colonises the mouse stomach in a similar manner to the way that H. pylori colonises the human stomach. The main ecological niche is gastric mucus, and colonisation is mainly seen in the antrum of the stomach. In germfree mice, H. felis infection induces a gastritis that is very similar to the human H. pylori infection, with a chronic inflammation of mononuclear cells accompanied by a polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration. Infection with either organism results in the induction of a similar raised systemic humoral immune response against H. pylori and H. felis respectively (Lee et al., 1990).

[0007] The H. felis model has proved to be very predictive of the efficacy of anti-H. pylori therapy in humans. Thus, monotherapy with agents with high in vitro activity such as erythromycin show no significant in vivo effect against H. felis in mice, just as erythromycin has no ant-H. pylori effect in humans, despite its high antimicrobial effects in vitro. In contrast, the triple therapy regimens of a bismuth compound, metronidazole, and tetracycline or amoxycillin lead to a very high eradication rate in H. felis infected mice (Dick-Hegedus and Lee, 1991). Such therapies are among the most successful human anti-H. pylori regimens.

[0008] The H. felis model has also been used to demonstrate that mice can be orally immunised with Helicobacter antigens, either to protect them from becoming infected (Chen et al, 1992), or to treat them when they are already infected so as to eradicate the infection (Doidge et al, 1994). Antigens that have been used in these vaccines include disrupted cellular preparations from either H. felis or H. pylori, and the bacterial enzyme urease from H. felis or H. pylori or subunits thereof, produced from E. coli clones expressing all or part of the H. pylori urease molecule (Michetti et al, 1994; see also International Patent Publications Nos. WO 90/04030, WO 93/07273 and WO 94/09823). H. pylori heat shock protein (Hsp or HSP) has also been shown to be a protective antigen (Ferrero et al., 1995).

[0009] International Patent Publication No. WO 93/18150 (Application No. PCT/EP93/00472) discloses vaccines or therapeutic compositions comprising one or more of recombinant H. pylori cytotoxin (CT or VacA), H. pylori cytotoxin-associated immunodominant antigen (CAI or CagA) or H. pylori heat shock protein, optionally together with H. pylori urease. International Patent Publication No. WO 95/27506 (Application No. PCT/FR95/00383) discloses an anti-H. pylori immunising composition containing a substantially purified H. pylori catalase as the active ingredient; and International Patent Publication No. WO 95/14093 (Application No. PCT/EP93/03259) discloses an immunogenic composition capable of inducing protective antibodies against Helicobacter infection which comprises at least one urease structural polypeptide from H. pylori or H. felis and optionally a urease-associated heat shock protein or chaperonin from Helicobacter.

[0010] The fact that antigens derived from H. pylori can be used to protect mice from H. felis infection suggests that there are cross-reactive, and cross-protective antigens between the two species. That is, that there are molecules present in H. pylori, which can induce immune responses in mice that recognise targets on H. felis, thus protecting the mice from H. felis infection. If an immune response to these H. pylori molecules will protect mice from H. felis infection, it is likely that similar immune responses will protect humans from H. pylori infection, or if already infected, cure them of it. Urease has been demonstrated to be such a cross-protective molecule in the H. felis mouse model (Michetti et al, 1994).

[0011] In work leading to the present invention, in order to identify further cross-reactive and cross protective antigens, a DNA library from an H. pylori strain has been constructed and screened with serum from mice that had been orally immunised with a vaccine prepared from disrupted H. felis cells and a mucosal adjuvant, with the aim of identifying E. coli clones expressing H. pylori proteins recognised by anti-H. felis antibodies and of subsequently identifying the antigenic protective H. pylori proteins.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] In one aspect, the present invention provides an antigenic preparation for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises an at least partially purified preparation of at least one Helicobacter antigen selected from the group consisting of:

[0013] (i) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 19 kDa which is processed into a mature form having a molecular mass of approximately 17 kDa;

[0014] (ii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 13 kDa;

[0015] (iii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 36 kDa;

[0016] (iv) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa;

[0017] (v) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 29 kDa; and

[0018] (vi) immunogenic fragments of any of antigens (i) to (v) above which are capable of eliciting a specific protective immune response in a mammalian host.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated Helicobacter antigen for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, selected from the group consisting of:

[0020] (i) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 19 kDa which is processed into a mature form having a molecular mass of approximately 17 kDa;

[0021] (ii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 13 kDa;

[0022] (iii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 36 kDa;

[0023] (iv) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa; and

[0024] (v) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 29 kDa; and

[0025] (vi) immunogenic fragments of any of antigens (i) to (v) above which are capable of eliciting a specific protective immune response in a mammalian host.

[0026] Each of the above antigens is further characterised by being reactive with anti-H. felis antibodies.

[0027] Preferably, antigen (i) above comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone B4.6 hereinafter (SEQ ID NO.10), or allelic or other variants thereof; antigen (ii) above comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone C3.5 hereinafter (SEQ ID NO.2), or allelic or other variants thereof; antigen (iii) above comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone E2.5 hereinafter (SEQ ID NO.4), or allelic or other variants thereof; antigen (iv) above comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone G3.8 hereinafter (SEQ ID NO. 6), or allelic or other variants thereof; and antigen (v) above comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone H5.1 hereinafter (SEQ ID NO. 8), or allelic or other variants thereof.

[0028] Suitable variants may have at least 50-60%, more preferably at least 70-80%, and most preferably at least 90%, similarity to one of the amino acid sequences referred to above, or to a region or part thereof, provided the variant is capable of eliciting a specific protective immune response in a mammalian host.

[0029] The term “at least partially purified” as used herein denotes a preparation in which the content of the particular antigen is greater, preferably at least 30% greater and more preferably at least 50% greater, than the content of the antigen in a whole cell sonicate of Helicobacter bacteria. Preferably, the preparation is one in which the antigen is “substantially pure”, that is one in which the content of the particular antigen is at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, of the total Helicobacter antigens in the preparation.

[0030] The term “isolated” as used herein denotes that the antigen has undergone at least one purification or isolation step, and preferably the antigen is in a form suitable for use in a vaccine composition.

[0031] It is to be understood that the present invention extends not only to the particular antigens of Helicobacter bacteria as described above, but also to immunogenic fragments of the particular antigen(s), that is fragments of the antigen(s) which are capable of eliciting a specific protective immune response in a mammalian host. Suitably, the immunogenic fragment will comprise at least five, and more preferably at least ten, contiguous amino acid residues of the particular antigen(s). Such immunogenic fragments may also be recognised by Helicobacter-specific antibodies, particularly antibodies which have a protective or therapeutic effect in relation to Helicobacter infection.

[0032] In another aspect, the present invention provides a vaccine composition for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises an immunologically effective amount of an antigenic preparation or of an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above, optionally in association with an adjuvant, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents.

[0033] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises administration to said host of an immunologically effective amount of an antigenic preparation or of an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above, optionally in association with an adjuvant.

[0034] In a related aspect, this invention provides the use of a vaccine composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of an antigenic preparation or of an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above, optionally in association with an adjuvant, for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host.

[0035] By use of the term “immunologically effective amount” herein, it is meant that the administration of that amount to a mammalian host, either in a single dose or as part of a series, is effective for treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection. This amount varies depending upon the health and physical condition of the individual to be treated, the taxonomic group of individual to be treated, the capacity of the individual's immune system to synthesise antibodies, the degree of protection desired, the formulation of the vaccine, the assessment of the medical situation, and other relevant factors. It is expected that the amount will fall in a relatively broad range that can be determined through routine trials.

[0036] Preferably, but not essentially, the antigenic preparation of this invention is orally administered to the host, and is administered in association with a mucosal adjuvant. However, the invention also extends to parenteral administration of this antigenic preparation.

[0037] The present invention also extends to an antibody, which may be either a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, specific for an antigenic preparation or an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above. Such antibodies may be produced by methods which are well known to persons skilled in this field.

[0038] In this aspect, the invention further provides a method for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises passive immunisation of said host by administration of an effective amount of an antibody, particularly a monoclonal antibody, specific for an antigenic preparation or an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above.

[0039] The Helicobacter antigenic preparation or isolated antigen of this invention may be prepared by purification or isolation from natural sources, such as a whole cell sonicate of Helicobacter bacteria. Alternatively, however the antigenic preparation or isolated antigen may be prepared by synthetic, preferably recombinant, techniques. When prepared by recombinant techniques, the antigen may have an amino acid sequence substantially identical to the naturally occurring sequence or may contain one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions and/or additions thereto provided that following such alterations to the sequence, the molecule is still capable of eliciting a specific protective immune response against the naturally occurring Helicobacter antigen. A similar immunogenic requirement is necessary for any fragments or derivatives of the antigen whether made from the recombinant molecule or the naturally occurring molecule. Accordingly, reference herein to a Helicobacter antigen is considered reference to the naturally occurring molecule, its recombinant form and any mutants, derivatives, fragments, homologues or analogues thereof provided that such molecules elicit a specific protective immune response against the naturally occurring Helicobacter antigen. Also included are fusion molecules between two or more Helicobacter antigens or with other molecules including fusion molecules with other molecules such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or β-galactosidase.

[0040] The present invention also extends to an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a Helicobacter antigen of the present invention, and preferably having a nucleotide sequence as set forth in one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9, or being substantially similar to all or a part thereof. The term “substantially similar” means having at least 40-50%, more preferably at least 60-70%, and most preferably at least 80% identity. A “part” in this context means a contiguous series of at least 15 nucleotides, and more preferably at least 25 nucleotides.

[0041] According to this embodiment, there is provided a nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence of nucleotides which encodes a Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above, and hybridises under low stringency conditions to all or part of a nucleic acid sequence set forth in one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9, or to a complementary form thereof.

[0042] In another aspect, this invention provides a nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence of nucleotides substantially as set forth in one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9, or a part thereof.

[0043] The nucleic acid molecule may be RNA or DNA, single stranded or double stranded, in linear or covalently closed circular form. For the purposes of defining the level of stringency, reference can conveniently be made to Sambrook et al. (1989) at pp 387-389 which is herein incorporated by reference where the washing step at paragraph 11 is considered high stringency. A low stringency is defined herein as being in 0.1-0.5 w/v SDS at 37-45° C. for 2-3 hours. Depending on the source and concentration of nucleic acid involved in the hybridisation, alternative conditions of stringency may be employed such as medium stringent conditions which are considered herein to be 0.25-0.5% w/v SDS at ±45° C. for 2-3 hours or high stringent conditions as disclosed by Sambrook et al. (1989).

[0044] It will be appreciated that the sequence of nucleotides of this aspect of the invention may be obtained from natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic sources; furthermore, this nucleotide sequence may be a naturally-occurring sequence, or it may be related by mutation, including single or multiple base substitutions, deletions, insertions and inversions, to such a naturally-occurring sequence, provided always that the nucleic acid molecule comprising such a sequence is capable of being expressed as a Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above.

[0045] The nucleotide sequence may have expression control sequences positioned adjacent to it, such control sequences usually being derived from a heterologous source.

[0046] This invention also provides a recombinant DNA molecule comprising an expression control sequence having promoter sequences and initiator sequences and a nucleotide sequence which codes for a Helicobacter antigen, the nucleotide sequence being located 3′ to the promoter and initiator sequences. In yet another aspect, the invention provides a recombinant DNA cloning vehicle capable of expressing a Helicobacter antigen comprising an expression control sequence having promoter sequences and initiator sequences, and a nucleotide sequence which codes for a Helicobacter antigen, the nucleotide sequence being located 3′ to the promoter and initiator sequences. In a further aspect, there is provided a host cell containing a recombinant DNA cloning vehicle and/or a recombinant DNA molecule as described above.

[0047] Suitable expression control sequences and host cell/cloning vehicle combinations are well known in the art, and are described by way of example, in Sambrook et al. (1989).

[0048] In yet further aspects, there is provided fused polypeptides comprising a Helicobacter antigen of this invention and an additional polypeptide, for example a polypeptide coded for by the DNA of a cloning vehicle, fused thereto. Such a fused polypeptide can be produced by a host cell transformed or infected with a recombinant DNA cloning vehicle as described above, and it can be subsequently isolated from the host cell to provide the fused polypeptide substantially free of other host cell proteins.

[0049] The present invention also extends to synthetic polypeptides displaying the antigenicity of a Helicobacter antigen of this invention. As used herein, the term “synthetic” means that the polypeptides have been produced by chemical or biological means, such as by means of chemical synthesis or by recombinant DNA techniques leading to biological synthesis. Such polypeptides can, of course, be obtained by cleavage of a fused polypeptide as described above and separation of the desired polypeptide from the additional polypeptide coded for by the DNA of the cloning vehicle by methods well known in the art. Alternatively, once the amino acid sequence of the desired polypeptide has been established, for example, by determination of the nucleotide sequence coding for the desired polypeptide, the polypeptide may be produced synthetically, for example by the well-known Merrifield solid-phase synthesis procedure.

[0050] Once recombinant DNA cloning vehicles and/or host cells expressing a Helicobacter antigen of this invention have been identified, the expressed polypeptides synthesised by the host cells, for example, as a fusion protein, can be isolated substantially free of contaminating host cell components by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

[0051] Isolated polypeptides comprising, or containing in part, amino acid sequences corresponding to a Helicobacter antigen may be used to raise polyclonal antisera by immunising rabbits, mice or other animals using well established procedures. Alternatively, such polypeptides may be used in the preparation of monoclonal antibodies by techniques well known in the art.

[0052] In addition, the polypeptides in accordance with this invention including fused polypeptides may be used as an active immunogen in the preparation of single or multivalent vaccines by methods well known in the art of vaccine manufacture for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host.

[0053] Alternatively, the polypeptides in accordance with the present invention including fused polypeptides may be used as antigen in a diagnostic immunoassay for detection of antibodies to Helicobacter in a sample, for example, a serum sample from a human or other mammalian patient. Such immunoassays are well known in the art, and include assays such as radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

[0054] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, is to be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0055] Preferably, the antigenic preparation or isolated antigen of this invention comprises H. pylori or H. felis antigen(s). Preferably also, this antigenic preparation or isolated antigen is used in a vaccine composition for oral administration which includes a mucosal adjuvant.

[0056] In a particularly preferred aspect of this invention, an oral vaccine composition comprising an antigenic preparation or isolated antigen comprising H. pylori antigen(s) as broadly described above, in association with a mucosal adjuvant, is used for the treatment or prevention of H. pylori infection in a human host.

[0057] The mucosal adjuvant which is optionally, and preferably, administered to the infected host with the Helicobacter antigenic preparation of this invention, is preferably cholera toxin. Mucosal adjuvants other than cholera toxin which may be used in accordance with the present invention include non-toxic derivatives of cholera toxin, such as the B sub-unit (CTB), chemically modified cholera toxin, or related proteins produced by modification of the cholera toxin amino acid sequence. These may be added to, or conjugated with, the Helicobacter antigenic preparation. The same techniques can be applied to other molecules with mucosal adjuvant or delivery properties such as Escherichia coli heat labile toxin. Other compounds with mucosal adjuvant or delivery activity may be used such as bile; polycations such as DEAE-dextran and polyornithine; detergents such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate; lipid-conjugated materials; antibiotics such as streptomycin; vitamin A; and other compounds that alter the structural or functional integrity of mucosal surfaces. Other mucosally active compounds include derivatives of microbial structures such as MDP; acridine and cimetidine.

[0058] The Helicobacter antigenic preparation or isolated antigen of this invention may be delivered in accordance with this invention in ISCOMS™ (immune stimulating complexes), ISCOMS™ containing CTB, liposomes or encapsulated in compounds such as acrylates or poly(DL-lactide-co-glycoside) to form microspheres of a size suited to adsorption by M cells. Alternatively, micro or nanoparticles may be covalently attached to molecules such as vitamin B12 which have specific gut receptors. The Helicobacter antigenic preparation or isolated antigen may also be incorporated into oily emulsions and delivered orally. An extensive though not exhaustive list of adjuvants can be found in Cox and Coulter, (1992).

[0059] Other adjuvants, as well as conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, buffers or diluents, may also be included in the prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine composition of this invention. The vaccine composition may, for example, be formulated in enteric coated gelatine capsules including sodium bicarbonate buffers together with the Helicobacter antigenic preparation or isolated antigen and cholera toxin mucosal adjuvant.

[0060] The formulation of such prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine compositions is well known to persons skilled in this field. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents include any and all conventional solvents, dispersion media, fillers, solid carriers, aqueous solutions, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art, and it is described, by way of example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, Mack Publishing Company, Pennsylvania, USA. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, use thereof in the vaccine compositions of the present invention is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions.

[0061] The Helicobacter antigenic preparation or isolated antigen of the present invention may be administered as the sole active immunogen in a vaccine composition. Alternatively, however, the vaccine composition may include other active immunogens, including other Helicobacter antigens such as urease, lipopolysaccharide, Hsp60, VacA, CagA or catalase, as well as immunologically active antigens against other pathogenic species.

[0062] As an alternative to the delivery of the Helicobacter antigenic preparation or isolated antigen in the form of a therapeutic or prophylactic vaccine composition, the antigen or an immunogenic fragment thereof may be delivered to the mammalian host using a live vaccine vector, in particular using live recombinant bacteria, viruses or other live agents, containing the genetic material necessary for the expression of the antigen of immunogenic fragment as a foreign polypeptide. Particularly, bacteria that colonise the gastrointestinal tract, such as Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio, Escherichia and BCG have been developed as vaccine vectors, and these and other examples are discussed by Holmgren et al. (1992) and McGhee et al.(1992).

[0063] Accordingly, the present invention also extends to delivery to the host using a vaccine vector expressing an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above, or an immunogenic fragment thereof. Accordingly, in a further aspect this invention provides a preparation for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises a vaccine vector expressing an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above, or an immunogenic fragment thereof.

[0064] In this aspect, the invention extends to a method for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises administration to said host of a vaccine vector expressing an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above or an immunogenic fragment thereof.

[0065] Further, the invention extends to the use of a vaccine vector expressing an isolated Helicobacter antigen as broadly described above, or an immunogenic fragment thereof, for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host.

[0066] Further features of the present invention are more fully described in the following Examples. It is to be understood, however, that this detailed description is included solely for the purposes of exemplifying the present invention, and should not be understood in any way as a restriction on the broad description of the invention as set out above.

[0067] In the accompanying drawings:

[0068]FIG. 1A and B, 2A and B show cloned H. pylori proteins expressed from E.coli XLOLR;

[0069] (1A) analysed on 4-20% gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and visualised by CBB stain. Lane M, Molecular weight standards (kDa); Lane 1, Family A; Lane 2, Family B; Lane 3, Family C; Lane 5, Family F; Lane 6, Family G; Lane 7, Family H; Lane 8, Negative Control, E.coli XLOLR; Lane 9, Positive Control, Helicobacter pylori total cell proteins;

[0070] (1B) corresponding Western blot samples, lane order the same as for panel A;

[0071] (2A) analysed on 4-20% gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and visualised by CBB stain. Lane M, Molecular weight standards (kDa); Lane 2, Family E;

[0072] (2B) corresponding Western Blot samples, lane order the same as for panel A.

EXAMPLE 1 Identification of E.coli clones expressing H. pylori proteins recognised by anti-H. felis antibodies.

[0073] A. Materials and Methods

[0074] Bacterial strains

[0075]Helicobacter pylori strain HP921023 was used as the DNA donor for preparing the gene library. Escherichia coli strain ER1793 (New England Biolabs) was the host used for phage infection and plating of Lambda ZAP Express. E.coli strains XLl-Blue MRF′ and XLOLR (Stratagene) were used for excision of phagemid pBK-CMV and protein expression of cloned genes.

[0076] Isolation of H. pylori chromosomal DNA

[0077] Whole cell DNA from H.pylori was prepared essentially as reported by Majewski and Goodwin (1988).

[0078] Anti-sera preparation

[0079] Mouse anti-sera was raised against Helicobacter felis by four ora-gastric immunisations at weekly intervals. Each vaccine dose consisted of 1 mg (protein) of sonicated H. felis cells and 10 ug of cholera toxin. Blood was collected and serum pooled. This serum was adsorbed with 50% v/v E.coli extract (Promega) containing 5% w/v skim milk and 0.05% v/v Tween 20 in TBS at a final dilution of 1:100. The preparation was incubated at room temperature for 4 hours prior to immunoscreening to eliminate or reduce nonspecific reactivity of antisera with host proteins. The specificity of the sera was confirmed by dot blot and Western blotting, using dilutions of whole cells of H. pylori for positive control and E.coli XLOLR as the negative control.

[0080] Bacterial growth conditions

[0081] For infection with Lambda ZAP Express, strain ER1793 cells were initially grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with 0.2% w/v maltose and 10 mM MgSO4 at 30° C. Following infection, cells were maintained in LB broth at 37° C. for 15 minutes and then plated on NZY agar medium and incubated at 42° C. for 4 hours then at 37° C. overnight. For phagemid excision and plasmid isolation E.coli strains XL1-Blue and XLOLR were grown in LB broth at 37° C., and transformed XLOLR cells selected on LB/Kanamycin plates (50 μg/ml) at 37° C.

[0082] Construction of H. pylori gene library

[0083] An H.pylori expression library was constructed, using standard procedures (Sambrook et al, 1989), in the Lambda ZAP Express vector (Stratagene) which had been predigested with BamHI and the terminal 5′ phosphates removed with calf intestinal phosphatase. Genomic DNA partially digested with Sau3AI, was fractionated by gel electrophoresis and DNA fragments between 6 to 12 kb were isolated. This DNA was ligated with 1.0 μg of BamH1-digested lambda arms. Recombinant phage DNA was packaged in vitro using Gigapack II extract (Stratagene). The library was titrated by infecting E.coli strain ER1793 or XL1-Blue MRF′ cells with aliquots of packaged phage and plated onto indicator plates containing IPTG and X-Gal. The ratio of nonrecombinant phage to recombinant phage was 1:5. The titre of the recombinant library was calculated to be 1×10⁶ pfu per μg of lambda DNA.

[0084] Antibody screening of H.pylori genomic library

[0085] A portion of the library was screened by plaque immunoblot assay. A total of 10,000 plaques were plated (2,000 bacteriophage plaques per plate), and lifted onto Hybond-C extra nitrocellulose filters (Amersham) to be processed as per Sambrook et al (1989). The filters were screened with a 1:100 dilution of anti-H. felis mouse sera, at room temperature overnight. After being washed in 0.05% v/v Tween 20 in TBS, filters were incubated in 1:2000 conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G-conjugated horse radish peroxidase for 1.5 hours. Filters were washed as previously described above and the colour reaction was developed with TMB substrate (KPL Inc.). When a positive phage clone was identified, an agar plug containing the plaque was picked and phage eluted into SM buffer. To obtain plaque purity the process of infecting bacteria, replating and immunoscreening was repeated.

[0086] In vivo excision of plasmid pBK-CMV from Lambda ZAP Express vector

[0087] In vivo excision of pBK-CMV containing H.pylori DNA from Lambda ZAP Express was achieved by infecting E.coli strain XL1-Blue MRF′ simultaneously with Lambda ZAP Express containing insert DNA and ExAssist helper phage M13. Excised phagemids were packaged as filamentous phage particles and secreted from host cells, which were subsequently heat killed. The phagemids were rescued by infecting XLOLR cells and plating onto LB/Kanamycin (50 μg/ml) plates. Bacterial colonies appearing on plates contained pBK-CMV double-stranded phagemid with the cloned DNA insert from H.pylori. These colonies were then analysed for protein expression.

[0088] SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of proteins

[0089] The total proteins produced by cloned H. pylori DNA in E.coli XLOLR were analysed by standard SDS-PAGE and Western Blot techniques (Sambrook et al 1989; Towbin et al 1979). 10 ml cultures of XLOLR containing expression plasmid were grown in supermedium at 37° C. overnight. Cultures were divided in two and one induced with IPTG to a final concentration of 1 mM, with continued incubation for 2-4 h. Aliquots of 1 ml were collected, cells pelleted by centrifugation and resuspended in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8). Cells were mixed with equal volume of SDS sample reducing buffer and boiled for 10 minutes. Proteins were resolved by electrophoresis on 4-20% gradient Tris-glycine gels (Novex) and stained with coomassie brilliant blue (CBB). A gel run in parallel was electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose membrane (BioRad), for detection of immunoreactive proteins of H.pylori using anti-H. felis mouse sera as described above.

[0090] For molecular mass estimation, the Coomassie Blue stained wet gel was scanned with a Molecular Dynamics model 300A densitometer and the apparent molecular mass determined relative to standard proteins using Image Quant version 3.3 software.

[0091] Protein N-terminal sequence determination

[0092] Proteins to be N-terminal sequenced were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto PVDF membrane (Novex) in IxCAPS electroblotting buffer and then stained with 0.1% w/v CBB in 50% v/v methanol, and destained in 50% v/v methanol until protein bands were visible. The bands corresponding to immunopositive proteins identified by western blot, were excised and sequenced. Amino acid sequencing was performed on an Applied Biosystems Inc., model 473A sequencer at the Centre of Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne. Additional sequencing was provided by Auspep Pty. Ltd.

[0093] DNA preparation and sibling analysis of clones

[0094] Plasmid DNA was isolated by the alkaline lysis method (Sambrook et al, 1989) from cultures of E.coli XLOLR clones carrying different H.pylori DNA inserts. Restriction enzyme digestions were performed as recommended by the enzyme manufacturer (Promega Inc.). Restriction fragments of cloned H. pylori DNA to be used as probes were resolved by gel electrophoresis in 0.8% agarose, stained with ethidium bromide, excised from gel and purified with a Bresaclean kit for nucleic acid purification (Bresatec Ltd). The SalI/NotI fragments of 2.5-7.0 kb in size were labelled with (³²P)d-ATP using Random Primers DNA labelling kit (Gibco BRL).

[0095] For cross-hybridization analysis, to determine related clones, cell suspensions of XLOLR clones were dotted onto nitrocellulose and treated as per the manufacturers protocol (Amersham). Filters were hybridized at 65° C., overnight in a solution containing 2xPE, 1% w/v skim milk and 7% w/v SDS. After hybridisation, filters were subjected to one 15 min wash in 2xSSC, 0.1 % w/v SDS, at room temp and two 30 min. washes in 2xSSC, 0.1 % w/v SDS at 65° C. The hybridisation results were visualised by autoradiography on Kodak Biomax film.

[0096] B. Results and Discussion

[0097] In order to clone potential protective antigens of Helicobacter pylori, a genomic library of strain HP921023 was constructed in the lambda expression vector Lambda ZAP Express. The library was screened for immunoreactivity with sera from mice vaccinated with Helicobacter felis in an attempt to detect clones expressing H.pylori antigens that cross-reacted with H. felis antigens. Approximately 10,000 plaques were screened using the anti-H. felis mouse serum. Fifty immunopositive clones with varying signal intensities were recognised by the mouse sera. These were picked, purified and the expression plasmid pBK-CMV excised for further characterisation of the cloned DNA and the encoded proteins. The proteins expressed by these recombinant plasmids were analysed by SDS-PAGE (FIGS. 1A and 2A) and Western blotting (FIGS. 1B and 2B).

[0098] The molecular mass of cloned proteins recognised by the mouse sera ranged from approx. 13 kDa to approx. 62 kDa. A pattern emerged where by clones could be grouped into families based on the protein profile and protein size (see Table 1 below). Families were named alphabetically for convenience (eg.family A, B, C etc.). Family A consists of five members, identified by two predominant proteins of approx. 62 kDa and approx. 33 kDa (FIG. 1B, Lane 1). Family B has 14 related clones expressing two proteins of approx. 19 kDa and approx. 17 kDa (FIG. 1B, Lane 2). The smaller of the two proteins tends to be produced in greater amounts than does the approx. 19 kDa protein. Depending upon the culture conditions, the approx. 19 kDa protein may be present in equivalent amounts to the approx. 17 kDa protein or noticeably less. This may explain why the approx. 17 kDa protein is often observed as being a stronger immunopositive band than the approx. 19 kDa when visualised by Western blotting. Family C has 10 members characterised by a small protein of approx. 13 kDa in size (FIG. 1B, Lane 3) which is often more easily distinguished on Western blot than on CBB stained gel. Clonal variation in expression levels of the protein exist and the signal on blots can vary from weak to strong. Family E is represented by one clone that encodes a protein of approx. 36 kDa (FIG. 2, Lane 2). Family F is also represented by one clone which expresses an abundant amount of an approx. 55 kDa protein (FIG. 1B, Lane 5). Of all the cloned proteins, this protein is the most strongly recognised by the anti-H. felis mouse sera when observed on a Western blot. Family G has 2 members that express an approx. 50 kDa protein (FIG. 1B, lane 6) which is not produced in a quantity that can be easily visualised on a CBB stained gel over and above the equivalent sized host E.coli protein (FIG. 1A, lane 6). However, antibodies in the mouse sera clearly demonstrate binding to this protein and not to the E.coli proteins run in lane 8. Given that this cloned H.pylori protein is not expressed in high amounts but is quite immunopositive, it may well be an important antigen in eliciting a strong immune response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Lane 7 (FIG. 1A and 1B) contains the only representative of family H, an approx. 29 kDa protein which is poorly expressed and gives a weaker signal than other family proteins on a Western blot. Lane 8 FIG. 1 and Lane 4, FIG. 2 comprises the negative control, E.coli XLOLR bearing expression plasmid pBK-CMV without H.pylori insert. Absorption of the mouse sera with E.coli extract largely prevented non-specific binding to host cell proteins. Depending upon the length of development time of the substrate a maximum of six E.coli proteins were recognised throughout all the lanes compared with a plethora of host cell proteins appearing on blots probed with unabsorbed mouse sera (data not shown). A dominant host cell protein is recognised at 37 kDa. Lane 9 comprises the positive control, total cell proteins of Helicobacter pylori with˜10 immunopositive bands ranging in size from 11 to 95 kDa. Results of the sibling DNA analysis (data not shown) confirmed the Western blot data that seven families of cloned H.pylori proteins exist.

[0099] The clones were screened for the presence of urease since the genomic DNA used in the generation of the library was obtained from a Ure B positive strain of H.pylori, and urease is a known protective antigen which already has been cloned (Michetti et al, 1994). Hybridization with oligonucleotide probes to Ure A and Ure B genes revealed five clones to be positive for both urease A and urease B DNA sequences (Table 1). All the urease positive clones belong to family A. No other clones existing outside of family A were urease positive. Identity of the approx. 62 kDa and approx. 33 kDa proteins was confirmed by N-terminal sequencing. Protein homology searches in the database Swiss-Prot/GenPeptide identified 100% homology of the 15 amino acid residues of the approx. 62 kDa protein with the Urease B subunit of Helicobacter pylori. The 18 amino acid sequence of the approx. 33 kDa protein was found to have 94.4% homology with the Urease A subunit, with only one mismatched amino acid residue.

[0100] Preliminary N-terminal sequence has also been obtained for family B, family C, family F and family G. The protein sequence of the approx. 19 kDa protein of family B has been found to correspond to the membrane-associated lipoprotein antigen (Lpp20) of Helicobacter pylori (Kostrzynska et al., 1994).

[0101] No significant homology was found in the data base to the approx. 13 kDa protein of family C or the approx. 36 kDa protein of family G.

[0102] Protein sequence data for the 55 kDa protein from family F was found to have 80% homology with the first 15 N-terminal amino acids of the heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) sequence of Helicobacter pylori, with only three residues unmatched. This finding supports the Western blotting results and explains the high signal intensity of this immunoreactive band, as Hsp60is known to elicit a strong antibody response. TABLE 1 Summary of cloned H. pylori antigen families. N-terminal sequences were compared with those in the Swiss-Prot/GenPeptide database. Protein Protein No. Urease Molecular SEQ Identity of Hybridization Mass Protein N-terminal ID (from Family Clones Oligo A & B (kDa) Sequence NO. database) A 5 Yes ˜62 MKKISRKEYV 11 Urease B sub-unit ˜33 MKLTPKELDKLMLHRAGE 12 Urease A sub-unit B 14 No ˜19 MLNQVLLKLGMSVKAAMV 13 Lpp20 ˜17 Not determined Mature Lpp20 C 10 No ˜13 MISKEEVLEYIGSLS 14 Unknown E 1 No ˜36 Not determined Unknown F 1 No ˜55 AKEIKFVDAARNLFF 15 Hsp 60 G 2 No ˜50 MFGFKQLQLQFSQKV 16 Unknown H 1 No ˜29 Not determined Unknown

EXAMPLE 2

[0103] Selected representative clones from cloned H. pylori antigen families C, E, G, H and B (Table 1) have been sequenced as follows:

[0104] (i) Clone C.3.5 (SEQ ID NO. 1 and 2)

[0105] The strategy used to sequence the 4423 bp insert in clone C3.5 included a combination of procedures which are summarized below.

[0106] 1. Plasmid DNA was prepared using a modified alkaline lysis procedure.

[0107] 2. Nested deletions were generated from both the T7 and T3 ends using ExoIII and S1 nuclease.

[0108] 3. Deletion clones were size-selected for DNA sequencing by electrophoresis on agarose gels.

[0109] 4. DNA sequencing was performed using standard dideoxynucleotide termination reactions containing 7-deaza dGTP. 7-deaza dITP was used, if necessary, to resolve severe GC band compressions. [³⁵S]dATP was used as the label.

[0110] 5. Sequencing reactions were analysed on 6% polyacrylamide wedge gels containing 8M urea. All samples were loaded in the order G-A-T-C.

[0111] 6. Internal sequencing primers were synthesised as necessary.

[0112] (ii) Clone E2.5 (SEQ ID NO. 3 and 4)

[0113] The strategy used to sequence the 2435 bp insert in clone E2.5 included a combination of procedures which are summarised below.

[0114] 1. The NotI/SalI fragment was blunt-ended, cloned into the EcoRV site of pBluescript II SK⁺ (Stratagene) and used to transform XL1-Blue cells.

[0115] 2. Plasmid DNA was prepared using a modified alkaline lysis procedure. The deletion clones were generated from both the original clone and the EcoRV subclone.

[0116] 3. Plasmid DNA was prepared using a modified alkaline lysis procedure.

[0117] 4. Deletion clones were size-selected for DNA sequencing by electrophoresis on agarose gels.

[0118] 5. DNA sequencing was performed using standard dideoxynucleotide termination reactions containing 7-deaza dGTP. 7-deaza dITP was used, if necessary, to resolve severe GC band compressions. [³⁵S]dATP or [³³P]dATP were used as the label.

[0119] 6. Sequencing reactions were analysed on 6% polyacrylamide wedge gels containing 8M urea. All samples were loaded in the order G-A-T-C.

[0120] 7. Internal sequencing primers were synthesised as necessary.

[0121] (iii) Clone G3.8 (SEQ ID No. 5 and 6)

[0122] The strategy used to sequence the 6081 bp BamHI insert in clone G3.8 included a combination of procedures which are summarised below.

[0123] 1. Nested deletions were generated from both the T7 and T3 ends using ExoIII and S1 nuclease.

[0124] 2. Plasmid DNA was prepared using a modified alkaline lysis procedure.

[0125] 3. Deletion clones were size-selected for DNA sequencing by electrophoresis on agarose gels.

[0126] 4. DNA sequencing was performed using standard dideoxynucleotide termination reactions containing 7-deaza dGTP. 7-deaza dITP was used, if necessary, to resolve severe GC band compressions. [³⁵S]dATP was used as the label.

[0127] 5. Sequencing reactions were analysed on 6% polyacrylamide wedge gels containing 8M urea. All samples were loaded in the order G-A-T-C.

[0128] 6. Internal sequencing primers were synthesized as necessary.

[0129] (iv) Clone H5.1 (SEQ ID NO. 7 and 8)

[0130] The strategy used to sequence the 1199 bp insert in clone H5.1 included a combination of procedures which are summarised below.

[0131] 1. The SalI/NotI fragment was blunt-ended and cloned into the EcoRV site of pBluescript II SK⁺ (Stratagene) and used to transform XL1-Blue cells.

[0132] 2. Nested deletions were generated from both the T7 and T3 ends using ExoIII and S1 nuclease.

[0133] 3. Plasmid DNA was prepared using a modified alkaline lysis procedure.

[0134] 4. Deletion clones were size-selected for DNA sequencing by electrophoresis on agarose gels.

[0135] 5. DNA sequencing was performed using standard dideoxynucleotide termination reactions containing 7-deaza dGTP. 7-deaza dITP was used, if necessary, to resolve severe GC band compressions. [³⁵S]dATP was used as the label.

[0136] 6. Sequencing reactions were analysed on 6% polyacrylamide wedge gels containing 8M urea. All samples were loaded in the order G-A-T-C.

[0137] 7. Internal sequencing primers were synthesised as necessary.

[0138] (v) Clone B4.6 (SEQ ID NO. 9 and 10)

[0139] The strategy used to sequence the 4518 bp insert in clone B4.6 included a combination of procedures which are summarised below:

[0140] 1. Plasmid DNA was prepared using a modified alkaline lysis procedure.

[0141] 2. Nested deletions were generated from both the T7 and T3 ends using Exo III and S1 nuclease.

[0142] 3. Deleted clones were size-elected for DNA sequencing by electrophoresis on agarose gels.

[0143] 4. DNA sequencing was performed using standard dideoxynucleotide termination reactions containing 7-deaza dGTP. 7-deaza dIPT was used, if necessary, to resolve severe GC band compressions. [³⁵S]dATP was used as the label.

[0144] 5. Sequencing reactions were analysed on 6% polyacrylamide wedge gels containing 8M urea. All samples were loaded in the order G-A-T-C.

[0145] 6. Internal sequencing primers were synthesized as necessary.

EXAMPLE 3

[0146] Subcloning, Expression, Purification, and Testing of Recombinant H. pylori Antigens in an H. pylori Mouse Model

[0147] 1. Development of the H. pylori Mouse Model

[0148] 1.1 Introduction

[0149] A human strain of H.pylori has been adapted to survive in the mouse gastric mucosa thus producing a useful model of H.pylori infection. This model was used for these vaccine studies. Detailed below is the method of derivation of this strain, characteristics of the mouse model and the methods used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the recombinant antigens of the present invention.

[0150] 1.2 Mouse adaptation

[0151] A number of biopsies and fresh clinical isolates of H. pylori were obtained from patients. Homogenised biopsies and/or fresh clinical isolates were inoculated per os into specific pathogen free (SPF) BALB/c mice. Gastric samples from the infected mice were examined by direct phase microscopy and urease assay. One group of animals, inoculated with a mixture of four clinical isolates, were found to be colonised with spiral-shaped bacteria which gave a positive urease result. Gastric mucus from the colonised animals was cultured on blood agar base containing 5% horse blood and vancomycin (100 μg/ml), polymyxin B (3.3 μg/ml), bacitracin (200 μg/ml), nalidixic acid (10.7 μg/ml) and amphotericin B (50 μg/ml). Representative colonies were examined by phase contrast microscopy and urease and catalase activity was determined. DNA was extracted from those colonies found to have characteristics of H. pylori i.e. spiral-shaped, urease and catalase positive. Isolates were confirmed as belonging to the Helicobacter genus by a Helicobacter specific PCR. To identify which of the four clinical isolates had colonised the mice, RAPD's were performed. Resulting finger prints from the original human clinical isolates and the mouse isolates were compared. The results of this comparison showed that all mice had been colonised with only one of the four clinical isolates originally inoculated into the mice. The human and mouse isolates were also found to be vacA and cagA positive by PCR. The mouse isolates were subsequently passaged through mice an additional three times.

[0152] One of the isolates, designated HpM8, obtained from a SJL mouse colonised with the original culture and a homogenate from an infected mouse was selected as our standard mouse adapted culture. This isolate has been called the “Sydney Strain” of H.pylori (The strain has been redesignated Syd1 and has been deposited in the culture collection of the School of Microbiology & Immunology at The University of New South Wales. (World Directory of Collections of Cultures of Microorganisms. Registration Number 248).

[0153] 1.3 Mouse strain specificity

[0154] Isolate Syd1 was found to colonise a number of strains of mice including BALB/c, DBA, SJL, C3H/He, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6 and Quackenbush/Swiss. The bacteria were found to colonise all regions of the mouse stomach i.e. the antrum, body and cardia equivalent region, with the bacteria preferentially colonising the border region between the antrum and body mucosa in some strains of mice. The colonisation pattern was found to vary depending upon the strain of mouse inoculated. BALB/c mice were selected for the present study. Electron microscopy revealed a close association of the bacteria with the epithelial surface, occasionally forming adhesion pedestals as seen with human infections. For routine assay of colonisation, urease reactivity was shown to correlate well with bacterial count and so was used as the assay method for H. pylori colonisation.

[0155] 2. Subcloning Antigen Coding Regions into E.coli Expression Vectors

[0156] The specific antigen coding sequences from H.pylori cloned families B,C,E,G and H were isolated by PCR amplification of representative clones using oligonucleotides designed to contain appropriate restriction endonuclease sites to enable cloning into particular expression vectors (Table 2).

[0157] Amplified products from families B,C and E were cloned into the XmaI/BgIII sites of pGEX-STOP vector (a modified version of pGEX-4T-1 (Pharmacia) in which a termination codon has been inserted close to the N-terminus of GST and a ribosome-binding site, extra restriction sites and a six-histidine tag inserted within the multiple cloning site). This allowed the production of a non-fusion protein containing a C-terminal hexa-histidine tag (hexa-HIS). Constructs of families C and B were expressed in E.coli strain ER1793, while family E was expressed in E.coli BL21.

[0158] The amplified product from family G was cloned into the NcoI/EcoRI sites of pSE420 (Invitrogen) and expressed in E.coli strain JM109 to provide a non-fusion protein which did not contain a purification tag.

[0159] In the case of family H, where the production of a native protein proved to be a difficult task, the amplified product was cloned into the BamHI/EcoRI sites of pGEX-3X to produce a GST fusion protein in E.coli strain JM109 TABLE 2 OLIGONUCLEOTIDES USED FOR PCR Family Forward Reverse B ^(5′)CGCCCGGGATGAAAAATCAAGTT ^(5′)GCAGATCTAACCTACTTTT AAAAAAATT^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 17) AACCATGCCCAA^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 18) C ^(5′)GGGCCCGGGATGGCAATTTCAAA ^(5′)GGGGTCGACTAAGATCTCTTGACTT AGAAG^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 19) CAACCTTAGCG^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 20) E ^(5′)GCGCCCCGGGATGTCAAATAGCA ^(5′)GCGCAGATCTAGGTTTAATGGTAAC TGTTGGATAAAAATAAA^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 21) TAACACGCTCATCCG^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 22) G ^(5′)CATGCCATGGGCTTTGGGAATAA ^(5′)CGGAATTCTCATTCGCCTTTTTGAATT GCAGTTGCAAC^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 23) TTTCAATG^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 24) H ^(5′)CATGCCATGGGATACGCAAGCAA ^(5′)CGGAATTCTTATCGGCTTGAAGTGTT ATTAGCC^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 25) CTTTTTC^(3′) (SEQ ID NO. 26)

[0160] 3. Growth Conditions and the Production of Recombinant Protein

[0161] These recombinant clones were grown at 37° C. in Terrific broth (Tartof and Hobbs (1987) and the induction of recombinant protein production was achieved by the addition of IPTG to a final concentration of 1 mM, with continued incubation overnight. Cells were harvested and stored frozen, either for subsequent protein purification or for sonication and use as a whole-cell immunogen.

[0162] 4. Purification of Recombinant Proteins

[0163] 4.1 Isolation and Purification of Helicobacter pylori Recombinant Protein B

[0164] 4.1.1 Introduction

[0165] Protein B was expressed with a Hexa-HIS tag to enable Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) to be used in the purification process.

[0166] 4.1.2 Isolation of Protein B from E. coli cell pellets

[0167] A cell pellet was obtained from a culture (approximately 32 L) of E. coli cells expressing Protein B. The pellet was added to 520 ml of 50 mM phosphate/50 mM NaCl/1 mM EDTA/5%(v/v) glycerol/0.05%NaN₃, pH 7.5 and resuspended by gentle stirring. The suspension was subjected to sonication on ice for a total of 3 min, at an amplitude of 15 μm, with a pause of 1 min following each minute of sonication. Complete cell lysis was confirmed by light microscopy.

[0168] The sonicated suspension was centrifuged for 30 min at 3200×g in a JA-10 rotor (Beckman, USA). Most of the supernatant was decanted, the pellet resuspended in 400 ml of Phosphate/NaCl buffer (50 mM phosphate/0.5 M NaCl/0.05%NaN₃, pH 7.5) and centrifuged at 5000×g. The resulting pellet was resuspended in Phosphate/NaCl buffer containing 0.1 % Tween, centrifuged and the pellet finally solubilized in Phosphate/NaCl buffer containing 7.5M urea by agitation on ice overnight. The preparation was then centrifuged at 10000×g, supernatant collected and centrifuged twice more and the resulting supernatant (690 ml) was collected. An additional amount of Protein B was also prepared from E. coli cell pellets derived from a further 32L of culture.

[0169] 4.1.3 Partial purification of Protein B by Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC)

[0170] Each final preparation of Protein B described, was applied to a column (flow rate, 2 ml/min) of Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow (50 mm×100 mm or 26 mm×104 mm, Pharmacia, Sweden) that had been charged with Nickel according to the manufacturers instructions. Contaminants binding to the column were eluted by washing the column with 10 column volumes of 20 mM phosphate/0.5M NaCl/ 0.05M Imidazole/7.5M urea, pH 7.5. Protein B was eluted from the column using 20 mM phosphate/50 mM NaCl/7.5M urea, pH 6.0 at a flow rate of 3 ml/min. Fractions were collected and peaks eluting from the column were monitored by absorbance at 280 nm. Fractions were examined by SDS-PAGE and Western transfer using rabbit serum raised against Helicobacter pylori.

[0171] 4.1.4 Refolding and Further Purification of Protein B

[0172] In order to refold and remove urea from partially-purified protein B, fractions eluted from the IMAC column containing Protein B were pooled and dialyzed against 20 mM phosphate/500 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 (5L) with one change of buffer, then dialyzed against 20 mM phosphate/50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5. The retentate was centrifuged at 3000×g in a GPR centrifuge (Beckman) for 30 min, the supernatant collected and set aside for further purification. The pellet was resuspended in 20 mM phosphate/50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 containing 7.5M urea then dialyzed against a tenfold volume of 0.8M arginine to help in protein refolding and partially remove urea. Protein content in the resulting retentate was estimated by the DC Protein assay (BioRad, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions using Bovine Serum Albumin as standard. Fractions were analysed for purity by SDS-PAGE and by scanning of separated samples using a Densitometer (Molecular Dynamics). Finally, sucrose was added to the retentate to a final concentration of 10% (w/v) and aliquots were stored at −20° C.

[0173] 4.1.5 Further Purification of B Soluble Fraction

[0174] The soluble fraction of Protein B prepared above was further purified by passage through an IMAC column (16 mm×136 mm) as in 4.1.3, using buffers containing no urea. Protein B was eluted from the IMAC column using a linear gradient of 20 mM phosphate/150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 containing 0-100% 0.5M Imidazole for 45 min at a flow rate of 3 ml/min. Fractions containing protein B were pooled and dialyzed exhaustively against PBS. The retentate was finally assessed for purity and protein content and sucrose was added to the preparation as described above. Aliquots of the preparation were stored at −20° C.

[0175] 4.2 Isolation and Purification of Helicobacter pylori Recombinant Protein C

[0176] 4.2.1 Introduction

[0177] Protein C protein was expressed with a Hexa-HIS tag to enable Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) to be used in the purification process.

[0178] 4.2.2 Isolation of Protein C from E. coli Cell Pellets

[0179] A cell pellet was obtained from a culture (approximately 56 L) of E. coli cells expressing Protein C. A volume (900 ml) of 50 mM phosphate/50 mM NaCl/1 mM EDTA/5%(v/v) glycerol/0.05%NaN₃, pH 7.5 was added to the cell pellet and the pellet was resuspended by gentle stirring. The suspension was subjected to sonication on ice for a total of 3 min at an amplitude of 16 μm, with a pause of 1 min following each minute of sonication. Complete cell lysis was confirmed by light microscopy.

[0180] The sonicated suspension was centrifuged for 30 min at 5000×g in a JA-10 rotor (Beckman, USA). Supernatant was collected and further clarified by centrifugation at 16000×g. Most of the resulting supernatant (1025 ml) was collected while 55 ml of partially clarified supernatant was filtered by passage through a 0.45 μm membrane (Millipore, USA) and set aside. The supernatant was centrifuged twice more such that virtually no pellet was evident. The final supernatant (825 ml) was combined with filtrate (45 ml) for application to an immobilised metal affinity chromatography column.

[0181] 4.2.3 Purification of Protein C by Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC)

[0182] The preparation of Protein C described above was applied to a column (flow rate, 3 ml/min) of Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow (50 mm×100 mm, Pharmacia, Sweden) that had been charged with Nickel according to the manufacturer's instructions. Contaminants binding to the column were eluted by washing the column with 10 column volumes of 20 mM phosphate/0.5M NaCl/0.05M Imidazole, pH 7.5. Protein C was eluted from the column using a linear gradient of 20 mM phosphate/50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 containing 0-100% 0.5M Imidazole for 100 min at a flow rate of 10 ml/min. Fractions (15 ml) were collected and peaks eluting from the column were monitored by absorbance at 280 nm. Fractions were examined by SDS-PAGE and Western transfer using mouse serum raised against Helicobacter felis.

[0183] 4.3 Isolation and Purification of Helicobacter pylori Recombinant Protein E

[0184] 4.3.1 Sonication

[0185]E. coli cells expressing protein E were pelleted, and resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 7.7 mM Na₂HPO_(4,) 150 mM NaCl, 2.25 mM NaH₂PO₄). The cells were placed on ice, and sonicated for 3 min ( 3×1 min bursts with 1 min intervals) with a sonic cell disrupter. Complete cell destruction was ascertained by phase contrast microscopy. The sonicates were then centrifuged at 10 000 g for 20 min, and the pellets retained. The pellets were then washed with PBS and the centrifugation was repeated.

[0186] Sonicate pellets were solubilised in 25 mM Tris, 7M urea, pH 9.5 for 2 hrs at room temperature. Any remaining particulates were removed by 3 centrifugations at 25000 g for 30 minutes. The resulting supernatant was retained for chromatography.

[0187] 4.3.2 Chromatography

[0188] A 60×100mm Q Sepharose High Performance (anion exchange) column (Pharmacia) was equilibrated at 85 cm/hr (40 ml/min) with 3 column volumes of 25 mM Tris, 7M Urea, pH 9.5. Solubilised material was injected onto the column and washed through with 3 column volumes of the same buffer. The unbound material together with the first two column volumes of wash were collected. Bound material was then removed from the column with a further 3 column volumes of 25 mM Tris, 7M Urea, 1M NaCl, pH 9.5.

[0189] The unbound material from chromatography was concentrated in a stirred cell under nitrogen, using a YM 10 (10 kDa cutoff) membrane. The concentrate (25 ml) was then dialysed against 50 mM Tris, 2M urea, pH 8 (5L), for 36 hours at 4° C., to lower the urea concentration of the sample.

[0190] 4.4 Isolation and Purification of Helicobacter pylori Recombinant Protein G

[0191]E.coli cells expressing Protein G were received for purification as a cell pellet. The cells were suspended in approximately two volumes of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 5% glycerol, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM Pefabloc SC (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) and lysed on ice by sonication (MSE). The lysate was centrifuged at 3000 g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was removed and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 30 minutes.

[0192] After adjusting the pH to 8.0 and the conductivity to <5.5 mS, the supernatant was applied to a Hiload Q Sepharose HP XK 26/10 (Pharmacia) column. Bound protein was eluted with a linear gradient 0-1M NaCl in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0. A peak which eluted at 0.2M NaCl was identified by SDS-PAGE to contain Protein G. Fractions from this peak were pooled.

[0193] Protein concentration was estimated using the BioRad (U.S.A.) protein assay and a bovine serum albumin standard.

[0194] 4.5 Isolation and Purification of Helicobacter pylori Recombinant Protein H

[0195] 4.5.1 Process Summary

[0196] Briefly the process consists of sonication of E. coli cells, solubilization of impurities in detergent, centrifugation, re-sonication of the centrifugation pellet, solubilization of impurities in detergent, centrifugation, solubilization of the centrifugation pellet in 7M urea, filtration, capture of impurities on an anion exchange column, concentration of column non-adsorbed on an ultrafiltration membrane, adjustment of the pH to 9.5, capture of impurities on an anion exchange column, concentration of column non-adsorbed on an ultrafiltration membrane, and partial dilution.

[0197] Protein concentrations were determined by Bradford dye binding assay for total protein. All steps were performed at ambient temperatures unless noted.

[0198] 4.5.2 E. coli Cell Disruption by Sonication

[0199] The cells were stored at −70° C. The frozen cells were thawed in a 37° C. water bath and suspended into 50 μL of the sonication buffer (10 mM phosphate +150 mM NaCl pH 7.2) per mL of culture. The E. coli cells were broken apart by the sonication in 35mL lots at an amplitude of˜10μ for one minute followed by one minute rest, three times. The samples were bathed in ice water while being sonicated. The pre and post sonicated cells were stored in crushed ice during the sonication process.

[0200] 4.5.3 Solubilization of Impurities in Detergent

[0201] Detergent Triton X100 20% v/v was added to the sonicated E. coli cell preparation slowly while stirring to a final Triton X100 concentration of 1% v/v. This was stirred gently with a magnetic flea for 30 minutes.

[0202] 4.5.4 Centrifugation

[0203] The triton X100 treated sonicate was next centrifuged at a RCF of 34,000 g for 30 minutes and the resulting pellet stored at −20%C over night.

[0204] 4.5.5 Re-sonication of the centrifugation pellet

[0205] The centrifugation pellet was re-suspended by adding it to 3 times its volume of sonication buffer (10 mM phosphate +150 mM NaCl pH 7.2) and vigorously agitating for˜2 minutes. This was sonicated as before.

[0206] 4.5.6 Solubilization of Impurities in Detergent

[0207] Detergent Triton X100 20% v/v was added to the re-sonicated centrifugation pellet preparation slowly while stirring to a final Triton X100 concentration of 1% v/v. This was stirred gently with a magnetic flea for 30 minutes.

[0208] 4.5.7 Centrifugation

[0209] The Triton X100 treated sonicate was centrifuged at a RCF of 34,000 g for 30 minutes.

[0210] 4.5.8 Solubilization in Urea

[0211] The centrifuge pellet of the detergent treated re-sonicate was solubilized by added 100 mL 20 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine +7.5M urea pH 8.0 per 500 mL of cell culture and this was stirred with a magnetic flea for 10 minutes.

[0212] 4.5.9 Filtration

[0213] The solubilized centrifuge pellet was filtered through a series of filters. First Millipore pre-filter AW followed by Millipore filter 0.8 μm (type AA) and finally Millipore filter 0.45 μm (type HVLP).

[0214] 4.5.10 Capture of Impurities by Anion Exchange Chromatography

[0215] 60 mL of the filtered preparation was loaded onto a Pharmacia Q Sepharose HP column (dimensions 2.6×10.9 cm). The column had been equilibrated with 3 column volumes of 30 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine +7.5M urea pH 8.0 (Buffer A). The sample was loaded on to the column at 50 cm/hr and the column washed after loading with buffer A at 120 cm/hr. The non-adsorbed fraction off the column contained the antigen while much of the contaminating material bound to the column.

[0216] 4.5.11 Concentration

[0217] The non-adsorbed fraction was concentrated 10 fold using an AMICON YM30 30 kDa cut off ultrafiltration membrane.

[0218] 4.5.12 Capture of Impurities by Anion Exchange Chromatography

[0219] The pH of all of the concentrated non-adsorbed fraction was adjusted from 8.0 to 9.5 with 1M NaOH. This was loaded onto a Pharmacia Q Sepharose HP column (dimensions 2.6×10.9 cm). The column had been equilibrated with 3 column volumes of 30 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine +7.0M urea pH 9.5 (Buffer A). The sample was loaded onto the column and then washed with Buffer A at 56 cm/hr. The non-adsorbed fraction off the column contained the antigen while much of the contaminating material bound to the column.

[0220] 4.5.13 Concentration and Dilution

[0221] The non-adsorbed material was concentrated˜10 fold using an AMICON YM30 30 kDa cut off ultrafiltration membrane. The concentration of urea was reduced by dilution of the final product with 10 mM phosphate +150 mM NaCl pH 7.2.

[0222] 5. Immunisation Protocol

[0223] 5.1 Method

[0224] Female SPF BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected for the experiment. Mice were immunised ora-gastrically with up to 200 μg of protein plus 10 μg cholera toxin (Sigma).

[0225] Test groups included single purified recombinant protein antigens, and also a combination of some proteins. Also tested were preparations of sonicated E. coli cells expressing recombinant antigens, which had not undergone a purification process. A combination of these sonicates was also tested. A positive control group of H. pylori sonicate +CT was included. Also, negative control groups were immunised with CT alone, or PBS alone, (both challenged) and unimmunised, unchallenged animals. A representative portion of mice were bled from the tail vein prior to challenge. Mice were challenged with 3 doses of H. pylori, starting 1 week after immunisation. Three weeks after H. pylori challenge mice were euthanased and stomachs, sera, saliva & bile collected for assessment of infection and immune responses.

[0226] 5.2 Dosage Rates

[0227] Mice were dosed with volumes according to the schedule below.

[0228] 100 μl/dose/mouse

[0229] (a) HPCT: 1 mg of whole cell H. pylori sonicate +10 μg CT

[0230] (b) CT Alone: 10 μg CT in PBS

[0231] (c) Purified C: 200 μg of protein +10 μg CT

[0232] (d) Sonicates of B, C, E, G, H: +10 μg CT

[0233] 150 μl/dose/mouse

[0234] (e) Purified G: 200 μg of protein +10 μg CT

[0235] 250 μl/dose/mouse

[0236] (f) Purified B: ˜114 μg of protein +10 μg CT

[0237] (g) Purified E: 50 μg of protein +10 μg CT

[0238] (h) Combination A: equal amount of purified protein B, C & G +1 μg CT

[0239] (i) Combination B: equal amount of sonicates from B, C, E, G & H +10 μg CT

[0240] 350 μl/dose/mouse

[0241] (j) Purified H: ˜50 μg of protein +10 μg CT

[0242] given in 2 doses—one 200 μl dose, followed by a 150 μl dose

[0243] 5.3 Experiment Outline TABLE 3 MOUSE GROUPS Hp + CT PBS Alone CT Alone Test Ag + CT* Normal DAY [10] [10] [10] [10] [10]  0 HpCT PBS CT Ag + CT Normal  7 HpCT PBS CT Ag + CT Normal 14 HpCT PBS CT Ag + CT Normal 21 HpCT PBS CT Ag + CT Normal 28 Pre-challenge Bleed 28 H. pylori (10/group) challenge — 30 H. pylori (10/group) challenge — 32 H. pylori (10/group) challenge — 52 & 53 Collect groups challenged with H. pylon —

[0244] 5.4 Challenge

[0245]H.pylori Syd 1 was grown up in liquid culture (BHI broth supplemented with 5% horse serum and Skirrow's selective supplement) under microaerophilic conditions for 2 days. The cells were centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 15 mins and the concentration adjusted to approximately 10⁹ cells per ml. Immunised mice and controls were challenged one week post the completion of the vaccine schedule with 0.1 ml of this suspension which was made fresh each day. Urease assay of the animals to detect colonisation was performed 24 days after challenge.

[0246] 6. Results TABLE 4 H. pylori infected (+ve urease test) GROUP No. infected/total Purified Recombinant Antigens Protein B 0/10 Protein C 1/10 Protein E 0/9  Protein G 3/8  Protein H 1/10 Combination 1/10 Sonicated E. coli cells expressing recombinant antigens Protein B expressing cells 8/10 Protein C expressing cells 8/10 Protein E expressing cells 3/9  Protein G expressing cells 7/10 Protein H expressing cells 6/10 Combination 7/10 Controls H. pylori sonicated cells + 0/10 CT immunised (+ve control) PBS immunised (−ve control) 8/9 8/9  CT immunised 9/10 Not immunised, not challenged 0/10

[0247] These results show that ora-gastric immunisation with any of the five purified recombinant proteins in conjunction with a mucosal adjuvant protected mice from infection with H. pylori. The results of the unpurified E. coli whole-cell sonicates suggest that higher levels of expression or purification are required to demonstrate protection. The gene screening strategy, using serum from immune mice (immunised with H. felis sonicate), identified two known H. pylori protective antigens, urease and heat shock protein, and five other proteins. The results reported here now show that these five are also protective antigens. One of the five antigens is a previously known compound (Kostrzynska et al, 1994), but it was not previously known whether this compound was a protective antigen. As we have shown that protective immunogenic preparations can be used to treat infection, as well as prevent it, it would be expected that these protective antigens could be used to treat, as well as prevent, Helicobacter infection in humans. The validity of the Helicobacter felis mouse model, that was used to identify these Helicobacter pylori antigens, has been shown by the ability of these antigens to protect mice in a recently developed H. pylori mouse model. It would therefore be expected, that these antigens, alone or in combination, would be protective antigens in products used to treat or prevent Helicobacter infections in humans.

[0248] REFERENCES:

[0249] Chen, M., Lee, A., and Hazell, S. (1992). Immunisation against gastric helicobacter infection in a mouse/Helicobacter felis model. Lancet 339:1120-1121.

[0250] Cox, J. and Coulter, A. (1992). Advances in Adjuvant Technology and Application. In Animal Parasite Control Utilising Biotechnology. Edited W. K. Yong, CRC Press.

[0251] Doidge, C., Gust, I., Lee, A., Buck, F., Hazell, S. and Manne, U. (1994). Therapeutic immunisation against helicobacter infection. Lancet. 343:914-915.

[0252] Dick-Hegedus, E. and Lee, A. (1991). Use of a mouse model to examine anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 26:909-915.

[0253] Ferrero, R. L., Thiberge, J-M., Kansau, I., Wuscher, N., Huerre, M. and Labinge, A. (1995). The GroES homolog of Helicobacter pylori confers protective immunity against mucosal infection in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 92:6499-6503.

[0254] Holmgren, J., Czerkinsky, C., Lycke, N. and Svennerholm, A-M. (1992). Mucosal Immunity: Implications for Vaccine Development. Immunobiol. 184:157-179.

[0255] Lee, A., Fox, J. G., Otto, G., and Murphy, J. (1990). A small animal model of human Helicobacter pylori active chronic gastritis. Gastroenterology 99:1315-1323.

[0256] Kostrzynska, M., O'Toole, P. W., Taylor, D. E. and Trust, T. J. (1994). Molecular characterization of a conserved 20-kilodalton membrane-associated lipoprotein antigen of Helicobacter pylori. J. Bacteriol. 176:5938-5948.

[0257] Majewski, S. L. H., and Goodwin, C. S. (1988) Restriction endonuclease analysis of the genome of Campylobacter pylori with a rapid extraction method: evidence for considerable genomic variation. J. lnf. Dis. 157(3):465-471.

[0258] McGhee, J. R., Mestecky, J., Dertzbaugh, M. T., Eldridge, J. H., Hirasawa, M. and Kyono, H. (1992). The mucosal immune system: from fundamental concepts to vaccine development. Vaccine 10(2):75-88.

[0259] Michetti, P., Corth'sy-Theulaz, I., Davin, C., Haas, R., Vaney, A-C., Heitz, M., Bille, J., Kraehenbuhl, J-P., Saraga, E. and Blum, A. L. (1994). Immunization of BALB/c mice against Helicobacter felis infection with Helicobacter pylori urease. Gastroenterology 107:1002-1011.

[0260] Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

[0261] Tartof, K. D. and Hobbs, C. A. (1987). Focus 9:12.

[0262] Towbin, H., Staehelin, T., and Gordon, J. (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 74:4350-4354.

1 26 378 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA Helicobacter pylori Clone C.3.5 CDS 1..375 1 ATG GCA ATT TCA AAA GAA GAA GTG TTA GAG TAT ATT GGT TCA TTG AGC 48 Met Ala Ile Ser Lys Glu Glu Val Leu Glu Tyr Ile Gly Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 GTT TTA GAG CTT TCT GAA TTG GTT AAA ATG TTT GAG GAA AAA TTT GGC 96 Val Leu Glu Leu Ser Glu Leu Val Lys Met Phe Glu Glu Lys Phe Gly 20 25 30 GTG AGC GCG ACT CCA ACG GTC GTA GCG GGT GCG GCT GTA GCT GGC GGT 144 Val Ser Ala Thr Pro Thr Val Val Ala Gly Ala Ala Val Ala Gly Gly 35 40 45 GCA GCG GCT GAG AGC GAA GAA AAA ACC GAA TTT AAT GTG ATT TTG GCC 192 Ala Ala Ala Glu Ser Glu Glu Lys Thr Glu Phe Asn Val Ile Leu Ala 50 55 60 GAT AGC GGT GCT GAA AAA ATT AAG GTG ATT AAA GTG GTT CGT GAA ATC 240 Asp Ser Gly Ala Glu Lys Ile Lys Val Ile Lys Val Val Arg Glu Ile 65 70 75 80 ACT GGA CTT GGC CTG AAA GAA GCT AAA GAC GCT ACC GAA AAA ACC CCT 288 Thr Gly Leu Gly Leu Lys Glu Ala Lys Asp Ala Thr Glu Lys Thr Pro 85 90 95 CAT GTG CTT AAA GAG GGC GTG AAT AAA GAA GAA GCT GAA ACC ATC AAG 336 His Val Leu Lys Glu Gly Val Asn Lys Glu Glu Ala Glu Thr Ile Lys 100 105 110 AAG AAA CTT GAA GAA GTA GGC GCT AAG GTT GAA GTC AAG TAA 378 Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Val Gly Ala Lys Val Glu Val Lys 115 120 125 125 amino acids amino acid linear protein 2 Met Ala Ile Ser Lys Glu Glu Val Leu Glu Tyr Ile Gly Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Val Leu Glu Leu Ser Glu Leu Val Lys Met Phe Glu Glu Lys Phe Gly 20 25 30 Val Ser Ala Thr Pro Thr Val Val Ala Gly Ala Ala Val Ala Gly Gly 35 40 45 Ala Ala Ala Glu Ser Glu Glu Lys Thr Glu Phe Asn Val Ile Leu Ala 50 55 60 Asp Ser Gly Ala Glu Lys Ile Lys Val Ile Lys Val Val Arg Glu Ile 65 70 75 80 Thr Gly Leu Gly Leu Lys Glu Ala Lys Asp Ala Thr Glu Lys Thr Pro 85 90 95 His Val Leu Lys Glu Gly Val Asn Lys Glu Glu Ala Glu Thr Ile Lys 100 105 110 Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Val Gly Ala Lys Val Glu Val Lys 115 120 125 990 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA helicobacter pylori clone E2.5 CDS 1..987 3 ATG TCA AAT AGC ATG TTG GAT AAA AAT AAA GCG ATT CTT ACA GGG GGT 48 Met Ser Asn Ser Met Leu Asp Lys Asn Lys Ala Ile Leu Thr Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 GGG GCT TTA TTG TTA GGG CTA ATC GTG CTT TTT TAT TTG GCT TAT CGC 96 Gly Ala Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Ile Val Leu Phe Tyr Leu Ala Tyr Arg 20 25 30 CCT AAG GCT GAA GTG TTG CAA GGA TTT TTG GAA GCC AGA GAA TAC AGC 144 Pro Lys Ala Glu Val Leu Gln Gly Phe Leu Glu Ala Arg Glu Tyr Ser 35 40 45 GTG AGT TCC AAA GTC CCT GGC CGC ATT GAA AAG GTG TTT GTT AAA AAA 192 Val Ser Ser Lys Val Pro Gly Arg Ile Glu Lys Val Phe Val Lys Lys 50 55 60 GGC GAT CGC ATT AAA AAG GGC GAT TTG GTT TTT AGC ATT TCT AGC CCT 240 Gly Asp Arg Ile Lys Lys Gly Asp Leu Val Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Pro 65 70 75 80 GAA TTA GAA GCC AAG CTC GCT CAA GCT GAA GCC GGG CAT AAA GCC GCT 288 Glu Leu Glu Ala Lys Leu Ala Gln Ala Glu Ala Gly His Lys Ala Ala 85 90 95 AAA GCG CTT AGC GAT GAA GTC AAA AGA GGC TCA AGA GAC GAA ACG ATC 336 Lys Ala Leu Ser Asp Glu Val Lys Arg Gly Ser Arg Asp Glu Thr Ile 100 105 110 AAT TCT GCA AGA GAC GTT TGG CAA GCG GCC AAA TCT CAA GCC ACT TTA 384 Asn Ser Ala Arg Asp Val Trp Gln Ala Ala Lys Ser Gln Ala Thr Leu 115 120 125 GCC AAA GAG ACT TAT AAG CGC GTT CAA GAT TTG TAT GAT AAT GGC GTG 432 Ala Lys Glu Thr Tyr Lys Arg Val Gln Asp Leu Tyr Asp Asn Gly Val 130 135 140 GCG AGC TTG CAA AAG CGC GAT GAA GCC TAT GCG GCT TAT GAA AGC ACT 480 Ala Ser Leu Gln Lys Arg Asp Glu Ala Tyr Ala Ala Tyr Glu Ser Thr 145 150 155 160 AAA TAC AAC GAG AGC GCG GCT TAC CAA AAG TAT AAA ATG GCT TTA GGG 528 Lys Tyr Asn Glu Ser Ala Ala Tyr Gln Lys Tyr Lys Met Ala Leu Gly 165 170 175 GGG GCG AGC TCT GAA AGT AAG ATT GCC GCT AAG GCT AAA GAG AGC GCG 576 Gly Ala Ser Ser Glu Ser Lys Ile Ala Ala Lys Ala Lys Glu Ser Ala 180 185 190 GCT TTA GGG CAA GTG AAT GAA GTG GAG TCT TAT TTA AAA GAT GTC AAA 624 Ala Leu Gly Gln Val Asn Glu Val Glu Ser Tyr Leu Lys Asp Val Lys 195 200 205 GCG ACA GCC CCA ATT GAT GGG GAA GTG AGT AAT GTG CTT TTA AGC GGT 672 Ala Thr Ala Pro Ile Asp Gly Glu Val Ser Asn Val Leu Leu Ser Gly 210 215 220 GGC GAG CTT AGC CCT AAG GGC TTT CCT GTG GTG CTC ATG ATT GAT TTA 720 Gly Glu Leu Ser Pro Lys Gly Phe Pro Val Val Leu Met Ile Asp Leu 225 230 235 240 AAG GAT AGT TGG TTA AAA ATC AGC GTG CCT GAA AAG TAT TTG AAC GAT 768 Lys Asp Ser Trp Leu Lys Ile Ser Val Pro Glu Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asp 245 250 255 TTT AAA GTG GGT AAG GAA TTT GAA GGT TAT ATC CCG GCG TTG AAA AGA 816 Phe Lys Val Gly Lys Glu Phe Glu Gly Tyr Ile Pro Ala Leu Lys Arg 260 265 270 AGC GCG AAA TTC AGG GTC AAA TAT TTG AGC GTG ATG GGG GAT TTT GCG 864 Ser Ala Lys Phe Arg Val Lys Tyr Leu Ser Val Met Gly Asp Phe Ala 275 280 285 ACT TGG AAA GCG ACG AAT AAT TCC AAC ACT TAC GAC ATG AAA AGC TAT 912 Thr Trp Lys Ala Thr Asn Asn Ser Asn Thr Tyr Asp Met Lys Ser Tyr 290 295 300 GAA GTG GAG GCC ATA CCC TTA GAA GAG TTG GAA AAT TTT AGG GTA GGG 960 Glu Val Glu Ala Ile Pro Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu Asn Phe Arg Val Gly 305 310 315 320 ATG AGC GTG TTA GTT ACC ATT AAA CCT TAA 990 Met Ser Val Leu Val Thr Ile Lys Pro 325 329 amino acids amino acid linear protein 4 Met Ser Asn Ser Met Leu Asp Lys Asn Lys Ala Ile Leu Thr Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Ala Leu Leu Leu Gly Leu Ile Val Leu Phe Tyr Leu Ala Tyr Arg 20 25 30 Pro Lys Ala Glu Val Leu Gln Gly Phe Leu Glu Ala Arg Glu Tyr Ser 35 40 45 Val Ser Ser Lys Val Pro Gly Arg Ile Glu Lys Val Phe Val Lys Lys 50 55 60 Gly Asp Arg Ile Lys Lys Gly Asp Leu Val Phe Ser Ile Ser Ser Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Leu Glu Ala Lys Leu Ala Gln Ala Glu Ala Gly His Lys Ala Ala 85 90 95 Lys Ala Leu Ser Asp Glu Val Lys Arg Gly Ser Arg Asp Glu Thr Ile 100 105 110 Asn Ser Ala Arg Asp Val Trp Gln Ala Ala Lys Ser Gln Ala Thr Leu 115 120 125 Ala Lys Glu Thr Tyr Lys Arg Val Gln Asp Leu Tyr Asp Asn Gly Val 130 135 140 Ala Ser Leu Gln Lys Arg Asp Glu Ala Tyr Ala Ala Tyr Glu Ser Thr 145 150 155 160 Lys Tyr Asn Glu Ser Ala Ala Tyr Gln Lys Tyr Lys Met Ala Leu Gly 165 170 175 Gly Ala Ser Ser Glu Ser Lys Ile Ala Ala Lys Ala Lys Glu Ser Ala 180 185 190 Ala Leu Gly Gln Val Asn Glu Val Glu Ser Tyr Leu Lys Asp Val Lys 195 200 205 Ala Thr Ala Pro Ile Asp Gly Glu Val Ser Asn Val Leu Leu Ser Gly 210 215 220 Gly Glu Leu Ser Pro Lys Gly Phe Pro Val Val Leu Met Ile Asp Leu 225 230 235 240 Lys Asp Ser Trp Leu Lys Ile Ser Val Pro Glu Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asp 245 250 255 Phe Lys Val Gly Lys Glu Phe Glu Gly Tyr Ile Pro Ala Leu Lys Arg 260 265 270 Ser Ala Lys Phe Arg Val Lys Tyr Leu Ser Val Met Gly Asp Phe Ala 275 280 285 Thr Trp Lys Ala Thr Asn Asn Ser Asn Thr Tyr Asp Met Lys Ser Tyr 290 295 300 Glu Val Glu Ala Ile Pro Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu Asn Phe Arg Val Gly 305 310 315 320 Met Ser Val Leu Val Thr Ile Lys Pro 325 1302 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA Helicobacter pylori Clone G3.8 CDS 1..1299 5 ATG TTT GGG AAT AAG CAG TTG CAA CTT CAA ATC AGT CAG AAA GAT TCT 48 Met Phe Gly Asn Lys Gln Leu Gln Leu Gln Ile Ser Gln Lys Asp Ser 1 5 10 15 GAG ATT GCG GAG TTA AAA AAG GAA GTC AAT CTC TAT CAA AGC CTT TTA 96 Glu Ile Ala Glu Leu Lys Lys Glu Val Asn Leu Tyr Gln Ser Leu Leu 20 25 30 AAT TTG TGC TTG CAT GAA GGT TTT GTA GGT ATT AAA AAC AAT AAA GTC 144 Asn Leu Cys Leu His Glu Gly Phe Val Gly Ile Lys Asn Asn Lys Val 35 40 45 GTT TTT AAA AGT GGG AAT CTT GCA AGC TTA AAC AAT TTA GAA GAA CAA 192 Val Phe Lys Ser Gly Asn Leu Ala Ser Leu Asn Asn Leu Glu Glu Gln 50 55 60 AGC GTT CAT TTT AAA GAA AAT GCA GAG AGC GTT GAT TTG CAA GGG GTT 240 Ser Val His Phe Lys Glu Asn Ala Glu Ser Val Asp Leu Gln Gly Val 65 70 75 80 TCT TAT TCT TTA AAA AGC CAA AAT ATT GAC GGC GTG CAG TAT TTT TCA 288 Ser Tyr Ser Leu Lys Ser Gln Asn Ile Asp Gly Val Gln Tyr Phe Ser 85 90 95 TTG GCT AAA AAA ACA GGT TGT GTG GGG GAA TAC CAT AAA AAT GAT TTG 336 Leu Ala Lys Lys Thr Gly Cys Val Gly Glu Tyr His Lys Asn Asp Leu 100 105 110 TTT AAG ACT TTT TGC GCG AGC TTA AAA GAA GGC TTA GAG AAC GCA CAA 384 Phe Lys Thr Phe Cys Ala Ser Leu Lys Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln 115 120 125 GAA AGC ATG CAG TAT TTC CAT CAA GAA ACC GGC TTG CTC TTG AAT GCG 432 Glu Ser Met Gln Tyr Phe His Gln Glu Thr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala 130 135 140 GCT AAA AAT GGC GAA GCG CAT TCT ACT GAA GGA TTA GGG ACC GTT AAT 480 Ala Lys Asn Gly Glu Ala His Ser Thr Glu Gly Leu Gly Thr Val Asn 145 150 155 160 AAA ACG GGT CAA GAC ATT GAA TCG CTT TAT GAA AAG ATG CAA AAC GCC 528 Lys Thr Gly Gln Asp Ile Glu Ser Leu Tyr Glu Lys Met Gln Asn Ala 165 170 175 ACT TCG TTA GCG GAC TCC CTC AAC CAA CGG AGC AAT GAA ATC ACT CAA 576 Thr Ser Leu Ala Asp Ser Leu Asn Gln Arg Ser Asn Glu Ile Thr Gln 180 185 190 GTC ATT TCT TTG ATT GAT GAT ATT GCA GAA CAA ACC AAT CTC TTA GCC 624 Val Ile Ser Leu Ile Asp Asp Ile Ala Glu Gln Thr Asn Leu Leu Ala 195 200 205 CTA AAT GCC GCT ATT GAG GCC GCA CGA GCG GGC GAG CAT GGG AGA GGG 672 Leu Asn Ala Ala Ile Glu Ala Ala Arg Ala Gly Glu His Gly Arg Gly 210 215 220 TTT GCG GTG GTG GCT GAT GAG GTG AGA AAA CTC GCT GAA AAA ACC CAA 720 Phe Ala Val Val Ala Asp Glu Val Arg Lys Leu Ala Glu Lys Thr Gln 225 230 235 240 AAA GCC ACT AAA GAA ATC GTT GTC GTG GTT AAA AGC ATG CAA CAA GAA 768 Lys Ala Thr Lys Glu Ile Val Val Val Val Lys Ser Met Gln Gln Glu 245 250 255 GCC AAC GAT ATT CAA ACC AAC ACC CAT GAC ATT AAT TCT ATT GTA AGC 816 Ala Asn Asp Ile Gln Thr Asn Thr His Asp Ile Asn Ser Ile Val Ser 260 265 270 TCT ATT AAG GGC GAT GTG GAA GAG CTT AAA TCC ACC GTG AAA AAT AAC 864 Ser Ile Lys Gly Asp Val Glu Glu Leu Lys Ser Thr Val Lys Asn Asn 275 280 285 ATG ATT GTC GCG CAA GCG GCA AAA TAC ACC ATC TAC AAT ATC AAT AAC 912 Met Ile Val Ala Gln Ala Ala Lys Tyr Thr Ile Tyr Asn Ile Asn Asn 290 295 300 CGG GTG TTT TGC GGT CTG GCT AAA TTG GAT CAT GTG GTC TTT AAA AAC 960 Arg Val Phe Cys Gly Leu Ala Lys Leu Asp His Val Val Phe Lys Asn 305 310 315 320 AAT CTT TAT GGC ATG GTT TTT GGT CTC AAC TCC TTT GAT ATT ACC AGC 1008 Asn Leu Tyr Gly Met Val Phe Gly Leu Asn Ser Phe Asp Ile Thr Ser 325 330 335 CAT AAG AGT TGC CGT TTA GGC AAA TGG TAT TAT GAG GGT GCG GGC AAA 1056 His Lys Ser Cys Arg Leu Gly Lys Trp Tyr Tyr Glu Gly Ala Gly Lys 340 345 350 GAG AAT TTT TCC AAC ACT TCA GGC TAT AGA GCT TTA GAA AGC CAC CAT 1104 Glu Asn Phe Ser Asn Thr Ser Gly Tyr Arg Ala Leu Glu Ser His His 355 360 365 GCG AGC GTG CAT GCT GAA GCT AAT GAT TTG GTT AAA GCC GTT CAA GAA 1152 Ala Ser Val His Ala Glu Ala Asn Asp Leu Val Lys Ala Val Gln Glu 370 375 380 GAT CAC ATT ACC GAT TCA AAA TAC CTA GAG CAT AAA GTG CAT TTA ATG 1200 Asp His Ile Thr Asp Ser Lys Tyr Leu Glu His Lys Val His Leu Met 385 390 395 400 GAA GAT AGC GCT AAA CAT GTC AAA GAA AAT ATT GAT AAG ATG TTT TAC 1248 Glu Asp Ser Ala Lys His Val Lys Glu Asn Ile Asp Lys Met Phe Tyr 405 410 415 GAA AAA CAA GAC GAG CTC AAT AAA ATC ATT GAA AAA ATT CAA AAA GGC 1296 Glu Lys Gln Asp Glu Leu Asn Lys Ile Ile Glu Lys Ile Gln Lys Gly 420 425 430 GAA TGA 1302 Glu 433 amino acids amino acid linear protein 6 Met Phe Gly Asn Lys Gln Leu Gln Leu Gln Ile Ser Gln Lys Asp Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Ile Ala Glu Leu Lys Lys Glu Val Asn Leu Tyr Gln Ser Leu Leu 20 25 30 Asn Leu Cys Leu His Glu Gly Phe Val Gly Ile Lys Asn Asn Lys Val 35 40 45 Val Phe Lys Ser Gly Asn Leu Ala Ser Leu Asn Asn Leu Glu Glu Gln 50 55 60 Ser Val His Phe Lys Glu Asn Ala Glu Ser Val Asp Leu Gln Gly Val 65 70 75 80 Ser Tyr Ser Leu Lys Ser Gln Asn Ile Asp Gly Val Gln Tyr Phe Ser 85 90 95 Leu Ala Lys Lys Thr Gly Cys Val Gly Glu Tyr His Lys Asn Asp Leu 100 105 110 Phe Lys Thr Phe Cys Ala Ser Leu Lys Glu Gly Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln 115 120 125 Glu Ser Met Gln Tyr Phe His Gln Glu Thr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala 130 135 140 Ala Lys Asn Gly Glu Ala His Ser Thr Glu Gly Leu Gly Thr Val Asn 145 150 155 160 Lys Thr Gly Gln Asp Ile Glu Ser Leu Tyr Glu Lys Met Gln Asn Ala 165 170 175 Thr Ser Leu Ala Asp Ser Leu Asn Gln Arg Ser Asn Glu Ile Thr Gln 180 185 190 Val Ile Ser Leu Ile Asp Asp Ile Ala Glu Gln Thr Asn Leu Leu Ala 195 200 205 Leu Asn Ala Ala Ile Glu Ala Ala Arg Ala Gly Glu His Gly Arg Gly 210 215 220 Phe Ala Val Val Ala Asp Glu Val Arg Lys Leu Ala Glu Lys Thr Gln 225 230 235 240 Lys Ala Thr Lys Glu Ile Val Val Val Val Lys Ser Met Gln Gln Glu 245 250 255 Ala Asn Asp Ile Gln Thr Asn Thr His Asp Ile Asn Ser Ile Val Ser 260 265 270 Ser Ile Lys Gly Asp Val Glu Glu Leu Lys Ser Thr Val Lys Asn Asn 275 280 285 Met Ile Val Ala Gln Ala Ala Lys Tyr Thr Ile Tyr Asn Ile Asn Asn 290 295 300 Arg Val Phe Cys Gly Leu Ala Lys Leu Asp His Val Val Phe Lys Asn 305 310 315 320 Asn Leu Tyr Gly Met Val Phe Gly Leu Asn Ser Phe Asp Ile Thr Ser 325 330 335 His Lys Ser Cys Arg Leu Gly Lys Trp Tyr Tyr Glu Gly Ala Gly Lys 340 345 350 Glu Asn Phe Ser Asn Thr Ser Gly Tyr Arg Ala Leu Glu Ser His His 355 360 365 Ala Ser Val His Ala Glu Ala Asn Asp Leu Val Lys Ala Val Gln Glu 370 375 380 Asp His Ile Thr Asp Ser Lys Tyr Leu Glu His Lys Val His Leu Met 385 390 395 400 Glu Asp Ser Ala Lys His Val Lys Glu Asn Ile Asp Lys Met Phe Tyr 405 410 415 Glu Lys Gln Asp Glu Leu Asn Lys Ile Ile Glu Lys Ile Gln Lys Gly 420 425 430 Glu 771 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA Helicobacter pylori Clone H5.1 CDS 1..768 7 ATG GGA TAC GCA AGC AAA TTA GCC TTG AAG ATT TGT TTG GCA AGT TTA 48 Met Gly Tyr Ala Ser Lys Leu Ala Leu Lys Ile Cys Leu Ala Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 TGT TTA TTT AGC GCT CTT GGT GCA GAA CAC CTT GAA CAA AAA AGG AAT 96 Cys Leu Phe Ser Ala Leu Gly Ala Glu His Leu Glu Gln Lys Arg Asn 20 25 30 TAT ATT TAT AAA GGG GAG GAA GCC TAT AAT AAT AAG GAA TAT GAG CGG 144 Tyr Ile Tyr Lys Gly Glu Glu Ala Tyr Asn Asn Lys Glu Tyr Glu Arg 35 40 45 GCG GCT TCT TTT TAT AAG AGC GCT ATT AAA AAT GGC GAG CCG CTT GCT 192 Ala Ala Ser Phe Tyr Lys Ser Ala Ile Lys Asn Gly Glu Pro Leu Ala 50 55 60 TAT GTT CTT TTA GGG ATC ATG TAT GAA AAT GGT AGG GGT GTG CCT AAA 240 Tyr Val Leu Leu Gly Ile Met Tyr Glu Asn Gly Arg Gly Val Pro Lys 65 70 75 80 GAT TAC AAG AAA GCG GCT GAA TAT TTT CAA AAA GCG GTT GAT AAC GAT 288 Asp Tyr Lys Lys Ala Ala Glu Tyr Phe Gln Lys Ala Val Asp Asn Asp 85 90 95 ATA CCT AGA GGG TAT AAC AAT TTA GGT GTG ATG TAT AAA GAG GGT AGG 336 Ile Pro Arg Gly Tyr Asn Asn Leu Gly Val Met Tyr Lys Glu Gly Arg 100 105 110 GGC GTT CCT AAA GAT GAA AAG AAA GCC GTG GAG TAT TTT AGA ATA GCT 384 Gly Val Pro Lys Asp Glu Lys Lys Ala Val Glu Tyr Phe Arg Ile Ala 115 120 125 ACA GAG AAG GGC TAT GCT AAC GCT TAT ATC AAC TTA GGC ATC ATG TAT 432 Thr Glu Lys Gly Tyr Ala Asn Ala Tyr Ile Asn Leu Gly Ile Met Tyr 130 135 140 ATG GAG GGT AGG GGA GTT CCA AGC AAC TAT GTG AAA GCG ACA GAG TGC 480 Met Glu Gly Arg Gly Val Pro Ser Asn Tyr Val Lys Ala Thr Glu Cys 145 150 155 160 TTT AGA AAA GCG ATG CAT AAG GGT AAT GTA GAA GCT TAT ATC CTT TTA 528 Phe Arg Lys Ala Met His Lys Gly Asn Val Glu Ala Tyr Ile Leu Leu 165 170 175 GGG GAT ATT TAT TAT AGC GGA AAT GAT CAA TTG GGT ATT GAA CCA GAC 576 Gly Asp Ile Tyr Tyr Ser Gly Asn Asp Gln Leu Gly Ile Glu Pro Asp 180 185 190 AAA GAT AAG GCG ATT GTC TAT TAT AAA ATG GCG GCT GAT ATG AGT TCT 624 Lys Asp Lys Ala Ile Val Tyr Tyr Lys Met Ala Ala Asp Met Ser Ser 195 200 205 TCT AGG GCT TAT GAA GGG TTA GCA GAG TCT TAT CGG TAT GGG TTA GGC 672 Ser Arg Ala Tyr Glu Gly Leu Ala Glu Ser Tyr Arg Tyr Gly Leu Gly 210 215 220 GTG GAA AAA GAT AAG AAA AAG GCT GAA GAA TAC ATG CAA AAA GCA TGC 720 Val Glu Lys Asp Lys Lys Lys Ala Glu Glu Tyr Met Gln Lys Ala Cys 225 230 235 240 GAT TTT GAC ATT GAT AAA AAT TGT AAG AAA AAG AAC ACT TCA AGC CGA 768 Asp Phe Asp Ile Asp Lys Asn Cys Lys Lys Lys Asn Thr Ser Ser Arg 245 250 255 TAA 771 256 amino acids amino acid linear protein 8 Met Gly Tyr Ala Ser Lys Leu Ala Leu Lys Ile Cys Leu Ala Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Cys Leu Phe Ser Ala Leu Gly Ala Glu His Leu Glu Gln Lys Arg Asn 20 25 30 Tyr Ile Tyr Lys Gly Glu Glu Ala Tyr Asn Asn Lys Glu Tyr Glu Arg 35 40 45 Ala Ala Ser Phe Tyr Lys Ser Ala Ile Lys Asn Gly Glu Pro Leu Ala 50 55 60 Tyr Val Leu Leu Gly Ile Met Tyr Glu Asn Gly Arg Gly Val Pro Lys 65 70 75 80 Asp Tyr Lys Lys Ala Ala Glu Tyr Phe Gln Lys Ala Val Asp Asn Asp 85 90 95 Ile Pro Arg Gly Tyr Asn Asn Leu Gly Val Met Tyr Lys Glu Gly Arg 100 105 110 Gly Val Pro Lys Asp Glu Lys Lys Ala Val Glu Tyr Phe Arg Ile Ala 115 120 125 Thr Glu Lys Gly Tyr Ala Asn Ala Tyr Ile Asn Leu Gly Ile Met Tyr 130 135 140 Met Glu Gly Arg Gly Val Pro Ser Asn Tyr Val Lys Ala Thr Glu Cys 145 150 155 160 Phe Arg Lys Ala Met His Lys Gly Asn Val Glu Ala Tyr Ile Leu Leu 165 170 175 Gly Asp Ile Tyr Tyr Ser Gly Asn Asp Gln Leu Gly Ile Glu Pro Asp 180 185 190 Lys Asp Lys Ala Ile Val Tyr Tyr Lys Met Ala Ala Asp Met Ser Ser 195 200 205 Ser Arg Ala Tyr Glu Gly Leu Ala Glu Ser Tyr Arg Tyr Gly Leu Gly 210 215 220 Val Glu Lys Asp Lys Lys Lys Ala Glu Glu Tyr Met Gln Lys Ala Cys 225 230 235 240 Asp Phe Asp Ile Asp Lys Asn Cys Lys Lys Lys Asn Thr Ser Ser Arg 245 250 255 528 base pairs nucleic acid single linear cDNA Helicobacter pylori Clone B4.6 CDS 1..525 9 ATG AAA AAT CAA GTT AAA AAA ATT TTA GGA ATG AGT GTG ATA GCA GCG 48 Met Lys Asn Gln Val Lys Lys Ile Leu Gly Met Ser Val Ile Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 ATG GTG ATC GTA GGT TGT AGC CAT GCC CCA AAA TCA GGT ATC AGC AAA 96 Met Val Ile Val Gly Cys Ser His Ala Pro Lys Ser Gly Ile Ser Lys 20 25 30 AGC AAT AAG GCT TAC AAA GAA GCG ACT AAA GGC GCT CCT GAT TGG GTA 144 Ser Asn Lys Ala Tyr Lys Glu Ala Thr Lys Gly Ala Pro Asp Trp Val 35 40 45 GTA GGG GAT TTG GAA AAA GTG GCG AAG TAT GAA AAA TAT TCA GGG GTC 192 Val Gly Asp Leu Glu Lys Val Ala Lys Tyr Glu Lys Tyr Ser Gly Val 50 55 60 TTT TTA GGA AGG GCT GAG GAT TTG ATC ACT AAT AAT GAT GTG GAT TAT 240 Phe Leu Gly Arg Ala Glu Asp Leu Ile Thr Asn Asn Asp Val Asp Tyr 65 70 75 80 TCT ACT AAC CAA GCT ACA GCG AAA GCT AGG GCT AAT TTA GCG GCG AAT 288 Ser Thr Asn Gln Ala Thr Ala Lys Ala Arg Ala Asn Leu Ala Ala Asn 85 90 95 CTA AAA TCC ACT TTA CAA AAA GAT TTG GAA AAC GAA AAA ACT AGA ACG 336 Leu Lys Ser Thr Leu Gln Lys Asp Leu Glu Asn Glu Lys Thr Arg Thr 100 105 110 GTA GAC GCT TCT GGT AAA AGG TCC ATC AGC GGC ACT GAT ACT GAA AAA 384 Val Asp Ala Ser Gly Lys Arg Ser Ile Ser Gly Thr Asp Thr Glu Lys 115 120 125 ATT TCT CAA TTA GTG GAT AAG GAA TTG ATC GCT TCT AAA ATG CTT GCC 432 Ile Ser Gln Leu Val Asp Lys Glu Leu Ile Ala Ser Lys Met Leu Ala 130 135 140 CGC TAT GTT GGT AAA GAT AGG GTT TTT GTT TTA GTG GGC TTG GAT AAG 480 Arg Tyr Val Gly Lys Asp Arg Val Phe Val Leu Val Gly Leu Asp Lys 145 150 155 160 CAA ATT GTG GAT AAA GTG CGC GAA GAG TTG GGC ATG GTT AAA AAG 525 Gln Ile Val Asp Lys Val Arg Glu Glu Leu Gly Met Val Lys Lys 165 170 175 TAG 528 175 amino acids amino acid linear protein 10 Met Lys Asn Gln Val Lys Lys Ile Leu Gly Met Ser Val Ile Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Met Val Ile Val Gly Cys Ser His Ala Pro Lys Ser Gly Ile Ser Lys 20 25 30 Ser Asn Lys Ala Tyr Lys Glu Ala Thr Lys Gly Ala Pro Asp Trp Val 35 40 45 Val Gly Asp Leu Glu Lys Val Ala Lys Tyr Glu Lys Tyr Ser Gly Val 50 55 60 Phe Leu Gly Arg Ala Glu Asp Leu Ile Thr Asn Asn Asp Val Asp Tyr 65 70 75 80 Ser Thr Asn Gln Ala Thr Ala Lys Ala Arg Ala Asn Leu Ala Ala Asn 85 90 95 Leu Lys Ser Thr Leu Gln Lys Asp Leu Glu Asn Glu Lys Thr Arg Thr 100 105 110 Val Asp Ala Ser Gly Lys Arg Ser Ile Ser Gly Thr Asp Thr Glu Lys 115 120 125 Ile Ser Gln Leu Val Asp Lys Glu Leu Ile Ala Ser Lys Met Leu Ala 130 135 140 Arg Tyr Val Gly Lys Asp Arg Val Phe Val Leu Val Gly Leu Asp Lys 145 150 155 160 Gln Ile Val Asp Lys Val Arg Glu Glu Leu Gly Met Val Lys Lys 165 170 175 10 amino acids amino acid linear peptide N-terminal Helicobacter pylori 11 Met Lys Lys Ile Ser Arg Lys Glu Tyr Val 1 5 10 18 amino acids amino acid linear peptide N-terminal Helicobacter pylori 12 Met Lys Leu Thr Pro Lys Glu Leu Asp Lys Leu Met Leu His Arg Ala 1 5 10 15 Gly Glu 18 amino acids amino acid linear peptide N-terminal Helicobacter pylori 13 Met Leu Asn Gln Val Leu Leu Lys Leu Gly Met Ser Val Lys Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Met Val 15 amino acids amino acid linear peptide N-terminal Helicobacter pylori 14 Met Ile Ser Lys Glu Glu Val Leu Glu Tyr Ile Gly Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 15 amino acids amino acid linear peptide Helicobacter pylori 15 Ala Lys Glu Ile Lys Phe Val Asp Ala Ala Arg Asn Leu Phe Phe 1 5 10 15 15 amino acids amino acid linear peptide N-terminal Helicobacter pylori 16 Met Phe Gly Phe Lys Gln Leu Gln Leu Gln Phe Ser Gln Lys Val 1 5 10 15 32 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO 17 CGCCCGGGAT GAAAAATCAA GTTAAAAAAA TT 32 31 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) YES 18 GCAGATCTAA CCTACTTTTA ACCATGCCCA A 31 28 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO 19 GGGCCCGGGA TGGCAATTTC AAAAGAAG 28 36 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) YES 20 GGGGTCGACT AAGATCTCTT GACTTCAACC TTAGCG 36 40 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO 21 GCGCCCCGGG ATGTCAAATA GCATGTTGGA TAAAAATAAA 40 40 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) YES 22 GCGCAGATCT AGGTTTAATG GTAACTAACA CGCTCATCCG 40 34 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO 23 CATGCCATGG GCTTTGGGAA TAAGCAGTTG CAAC 34 36 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) YES 24 CGGAATTCTC ATTCGCCTTT TTGAATTTTT TCAATG 36 30 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO 25 CATGCCATGG GATACGCAAG CAAATTAGCC 30 33 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) YES 26 CGGAATTCTT ATCGGCTTGA AGTGTTCTTT TTC 33 

1. An antigenic preparation for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection, which comprises an at least partially purified preparation of at least one Helicobacter antigen selected from the group consisting of: (i) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 19 kDa which is processed into a mature form having a molecular mass of approximately 17 kDa; (ii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 13 kDa; (iii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 36 kDa; (iv) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa; (vi) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 29 kDa; and (vi) immunogenic fragments of any of antigens (i) to (v) above which are capable of eliciting a specific protective immune response in a mammalian host.
 2. An isolated Helicobacter antigen for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, selected from the group consisting of: (i) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 19 kDa which is processed into a mature form having a molecular mass of approximately 17 kDa; (ii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 13 kDa; (iii) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 36 kDa; (iv) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa; and (v) an antigen having a molecular mass of approximately 29 kDa; and (vi) immunogenic fragments of any of antigens (i) to (v) above which are capable of eliciting a specific protective immune response in a mammalian host.
 3. An antigenic preparation according to claim 1, or an isolated antigen of claim 2, which comprises at least one H. pylori or H. felis antigen, or an immunogenic fragment thereof.
 4. An antigenic preparation or isolated antigen according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein antigen (I) comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone B4.6 (SEQ ID NO. 10), or allelic or other variants thereof; antigen (ii) comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone C3.5 (SEQ ID NO.2), or allelic or other variants thereof; antigen (iii) comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone E2.5 (SEQ ID NO.4), or allelic or other variants thereof; antigen (iv) comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone G3.8 (SEQ ID NO.6), or allelic or other variants thereof; and antigen (v) comprises an amino acid sequence substantially corresponding to the deduced sequence of clone H5.1 (SEQ ID NO.8), or allelic or other variants thereof.
 5. A vaccine composition for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises an immunologically effective amount of an antigen preparation or isolated antigen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents.
 6. A vaccine composition according to claim 5, further comprising at least one additional active immunogen.
 7. A vaccine composition according to claim 6, wherein the additional immunogen(s) comprise at least one other Helicobacter antigen.
 8. A vaccine composition according to claim 7, wherein said other Helicobacter antigen is selected from Helicobacter urease, lipopolysaccharide, Hsp60, VacA, CagA and catalase.
 9. A vaccine composition according to claim 5, further comprising an adjuvant.
 10. A vaccine composition according to claim 9, wherein the adjuvant is a mucosal adjuvant.
 11. A method for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises administration to said host of an immunologically effective amount of an antigenic preparation or isolated antigen according to any one of claims 1 to
 4. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said antigen preparation or isolated antigen is administered in association with an adjuvant.
 13. A method according to claim 12, wherein said adjuvant is a mucosal adjuvant.
 14. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein said antigenic preparation or isolated antigen is orally administered to said host.
 15. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein said antigenic preparation or isolated antigen is parenterally administered to said host.
 16. A method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein said host is a human.
 17. Use of an immunologically effective amount of an antigenic preparation or isolated antigen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host.
 18. Use according to claim 17, wherein said antigenic preparation or isolated antigen is administered in association with an adjuvant.
 19. Use according to claim 18, wherein said adjuvant is a mucosal adjuvant.
 20. Use according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein said antigenic preparation or isolated antigen is orally administered to said host.
 21. Use according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein said antigenic preparation or isolated antigen is parenterally administered to said host.
 22. Use according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein said host is a human.
 23. Use of an antigenic preparation or isolated antigen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, optionally in association with an adjuvant, in the manufacture of a vaccine composition for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host.
 24. An antibody specific for an antigen preparation or isolated antigen according to any one of claims 1 to
 4. 25. An antibody according to claim 24, which is a monoclonal antibody.
 26. A vaccine composition for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises an antibody according to claim 24 or claim 25, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents.
 27. A method for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises passive immunization of said host by administration of an immunologically effective amount of an antibody according to claim 24 or claim
 25. 28. Use of an immunologically effective amount of an antibody according to claim 24 or claim 25 for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host.
 29. Use of an antibody according to claim 24 or claim 25 in the manufacture of a vaccine composition for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host.
 30. A nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence of nucleotides which encodes a Helicobacter antigen according to claim 2, and hybridises under low stringency conditions to all or a part of a nucleic acid sequence set forth in one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9, or to a complementary form thereof.
 31. A nucleic acid molecule comprising a sequence of nucleotides substantially as set forth in one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9, or a part thereof.
 32. A recombinant DNA molecule comprising an expression control sequence operatively linked to a nucleic acid molecule according to claim 30 to claim
 31. 33. A recombinant DNA molecule according to claim 32, wherein said expression control sequence comprises promoter sequences and initiator sequences, and the sequence of nucleotides is located 3′ to the promoter and initiator sequences.
 34. A recombinant DNA cloning vehicle or vector comprising a recombinant DNA molecule according to claim 32 or claim
 33. 35. A recombinant DNA cloning vehicle or vector according to claim 34, wherein said vector is a plasmid.
 36. A host cell transfected or transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule according to claim 32 or claim 33, or a recombinant DNA cloning vehicle or vector according to 34 or claim
 35. 37. A host cell according to claim 36, wherein said host cell is E. coli.
 38. A recombinant polypeptide prepared by expression in a host cell according to claim 36 or claim
 37. 39. A preparation for use in the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises a vaccine vector expressing an isolated Helicobacter antigen according to claim 2, or an immunogenic fragment thereof.
 40. A preparation according to claim 39, wherein said vector is a bacterium that colonises the gastrointestinal tract of the mammalian host.
 41. A preparation according to claim 39, wherein said vector is a Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio, Escherichia or BCG bacterium.
 42. A method for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host, which comprises administration to said host of a preparation according to any one of claims 39 to
 41. 43. Use of a preparation according to any one of claims 39 to 41, for the treatment or prevention of Helicobacter infection in a mammalian host. 